Racial Discrimination and African American Adolescents’ Adjustment: Gender Variation in Family and Community Social Support, Promotive and Protective Factors

Cooper, Shauna M.; Brown, Charity; Metzger, Isha W.; Clinton, Yvette; Guthrie, Barbara

doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9608-y

Cited by 90 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Perceptions of support from mothers protected against depression among low SES African American and Mexican girls (Bámaca-Colbert et al 2012;Kam and Bámaca-Colbert 2013;Trask-Tate et al 2010). However, maternal presence and mother-adolescent closeness did not protect African American adolescents against depression in the context of racial discrimination (Cooper et al 2013). Maternal closeness protected low-income urban African American early adolescents against depression in the context of victimization but only over time and at low levels of victimization in this longitudinal study (Hammack et al 2004).…”

Section: Parent and Grandparent Supportmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The risk contexts studied included: neighborhood disadvantage, discrimination, personal victimization, and witnessing violence. Significant interactions emerged with all of these except discrimination (Cooper et al 2013). …”

Section: Religiositymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Father and grandparent support did not protect African American girls against depression in the context of negative life events (Trask-Tate et al 2010), and neither did father-adolescent closeness in African American adolescents in the context of racial discrimination (Cooper et al 2013). Parent support did not protect African American urban adolescent boys against depression in the context of stressful events (Zimmerman et al 1999).…”

Section: Parent and Grandparent Supportmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Religiosity in the form of importance and frequency of religious service attendance was protective for Hispanic youth (Epstein-Ngo et al 2013;Hull et al 2008), but not African American youth (Cooper et al 2013;Hull et al 2008). The risk contexts studied included: neighborhood disadvantage, discrimination, personal victimization, and witnessing violence.…”

Section: Religiositymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Protective Mechanisms for Depression among Racial/Ethnic Minority Youth: Empirical Findings, Issues, and Recommendations

Scott

Wallander

Cameron

2015

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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We (1) review empirical studies that report findings regarding putative protective mechanisms when exposed to risk of depression in African American and Hispanic adolescents; (2) identify key protective mechanisms for different risk contexts that garner empirical support; (3) synthesize the mechanisms identified as protective against depression among racial/ethnic minority adolescents; and (4) discuss improved methods for advancing understanding of resilience against depression in minority youth. The studies were selected from PsycINFO searches that met the following inclusion criteria: participants between 12 and 21 years of age, inclusions of racial/ ethnic minority members, examining protection through an interaction with a risk factor, and outcome measures of depression, depressed mood, or depressive symptomatology. We found 39 eligible studies; 13 of which included multiple racial/ethnic groups. The following were supported as protective mechanisms, at least preliminarily, for at least one racial/ethnic group and in at least one risk context: employment, extracurricular activities, fatheradolescent closeness, familism, maternal support, attending predominately minority schools, neighborhood composition, non-parent support, parental inductive reasoning, religiosity, self-esteem, social activities, and positive early teacher relationships. To investigate protective mechanisms more comprehensively and accurately across individual, social, and community levels of influence, we recommend incorporating multilevel modeling or multilevel growth curve analyses and large diverse samples.

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Section: Parent and Grandparent Supportmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Religiositymentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Parent and Grandparent Supportmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Religiositymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Protective Mechanisms for Depression among Racial/Ethnic Minority Youth: Empirical Findings, Issues, and Recommendations

Scott

Wallander

Cameron

2015

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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“…More specifically, we examined whether racial discrimination or racial socialization moderated or mediated that relationship. Only three studies tested the moderating and mediating roles of racial discrimination or racial socialization (i.e., Coker et al 2009;Cooper et al 2013;Davis and Stevenson 2006). It is important to note that search terms used in this review did not include racial discrimination or racial socialization; thus, it is plausible that studies that examined the direct or interactive effect of racial discrimination and socialization and family-level factors on behavioral health outcomes were excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family-Level Factors and African American Children’s Behavioral Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Washington

Rose

Colombo

et al. 2015

Child Youth Care Forum

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Racial‐ethnic Identity in Context: Examining Mediation of Neighborhood Factors on Children's Academic Adjustment

Witherspoon

Daniels

Mason³

et al. 2016

American J of Comm Psychol

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Research consistently shows that neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics and residents’ neighborhood perceptions matter for youth well-being, including a positive sense of racial-ethnic identity. Although elementary-school children are likely in the earlier phases of identity formation, the authors examined whether objective and subjective neighborhood characteristics are related to their racial-ethnic identity and, in turn, their academic adjustment. A diverse sample (30.4% AA, 35.2% White, 12.3% Latino, & 22.0% Other) of 227 children in Grades 2 through 5 were surveyed in afterschool programs. Bivariate correlations showed that youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods reported more barriers due to their race-ethnicity, but these barriers were not related to their sense of academic efficacy. Residing in a disadvantaged neighborhood was unrelated to youth’s academic self-efficacy. However, path analyses showed that positive neighborhood perceptions were associated with a stronger sense of race-ethnicity (i.e., affirmation and belonging), which was in turn related to greater academic efficacy. These results suggest that neighborhood connection provides a source of affirmation and value for young children, helping them to understand who they are as part of a racial-ethnic group and helping to foster a sense of future achievement opportunities. This study provides additional evidence that along with other important proximal contexts (e.g., family, school), young children’s neighborhood context is important for development. Results are discussed to highlight environmental influences on young children’s awareness of race-ethnicity and the implications of the combined impact of neighborhood and racial-ethnic identity on psychosocial adjustment.

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Racial Discrimination and African American Adolescents’ Adjustment: Gender Variation in Family and Community Social Support, Promotive and Protective Factors

Cited by 90 publications

References 79 publications

Protective Mechanisms for Depression among Racial/Ethnic Minority Youth: Empirical Findings, Issues, and Recommendations

Protective Mechanisms for Depression among Racial/Ethnic Minority Youth: Empirical Findings, Issues, and Recommendations

Family-Level Factors and African American Children’s Behavioral Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Racial‐ethnic Identity in Context: Examining Mediation of Neighborhood Factors on Children's Academic Adjustment

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