Racial Differences in the Impact of Military Service on the Socioeconomic Status of Women Veterans

Cooney, Richard T.; Segal, Mady Wechsler; Segal, David R.; Falk, William W.

doi:10.1177/0095327x0303000103

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The research generally shows that white World War II veterans tends to do better than their non-veteran peers in terms of income and education (Cooney, Segal, Segal, and Falk 2003;Elder and Meguro 1987;Fredland and Little 1985;Martindale and Poston 1979;Sampson and Laub 1996;Teachman and Tedrow 2004;Villemez and Kasarda 1976 States.…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The independence that service members gain from knifing off their pasts may also provide them with the human and cultural capital required to relocate after their service (Sampson and Laub 1996;Xie 1992). Furthermore, service in the military exposes veterans, especially minorities, to mainstream achievement values, working with diverse racial and ethnic groups, and manipulating large-scale bureaucracies (Browning, Lopreato, and Poston 1973;Cooney, Segal, Segal, and Falk 2003). A.R.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, using this method to determine the effects that veteran status may have on socioeconomic attainment leaves room for selection bias as well as drawing the conclusion that military service leads to outcomes that are in reality based upon background factors that the military uses to selectively select its members (Cohen, Segal, and Temme 1986;Cohen, Segal, and Temme 1992;Cooney, Segal, Segal, and Falk 2003;Heckman 1979;Xie 1992).…”

Section: Selection Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The World War II Veteran Advantage? A Lifetime Cross-Sectional Study of Social Status Attainment

Smith

Marsh

Segal

2010

Armed Forces & Society

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The impact of military service on the social status attainment of World War II veterans has been studied since the 1950s; however, the research has failed to come to any consensus with regard to the level of their attainment. Analyses have generally focused on cross-sectional data or longitudinal data without considering the effects of military service over the life course. In this study I argue that World War II veterans had greater social attainment over their lifetimes; that black World War II veterans attained more than white World War II veterans relative to their non-veteran peers; that veterans who served in the latter years of the World War II mobilization attained more than those who served in the earlier years; and that veterans born in cohorts with large proportions of veterans attained more than veterans born to cohorts with smaller proportions of veterans. Social status is measured in terms of education, income, and Duncan Socio-Economic Index. In order to test these hypotheses I use data from the 1950 through 2000 Public Use Microdata Sample. Military service clearly afforded veterans significant advantages through their early and middle working years; however, their non-veteran peers eventually did catch up. Black veterans attained more social status than their non veteran peers throughout their lives. Furthermore, the magnitude of the difference in social status attainment is greater for black veterans relative to their non-veteran peers than the difference for white-veterans relative to their non-veteran peers until very late in the life course. Additionally, peak mobilization phase veterans receive advantage although it is relatively short lived.

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Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The World War II Veteran Advantage? A Lifetime Cross-Sectional Study of Social Status Attainment

Smith

Marsh

Segal

2010

Armed Forces & Society

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“…Our research on gender extended to the impact of military service on the post-service well-being of women veterans, as part of our extensive research program on the military in the life course (Cooney et al, 2003). We found that among women who served during the volunteer force era and subsequently returned to civilian life, African-American women veterans maintained equivalent socio-economic status to their peers who did not serve.…”

Section: Research On Diversitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Social Structures Affecting Army Performance

Segal¹

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…They did find evidence of a veteran premium among older, pre-AVF veterans, suggesting that military service among "trailblazing" women was relatively advantageous at a time when fewer nonveterans were working, particularly in male-dominated occupations. Cooney et al (2003) also used 1990 Census data, finding that there was no advantage to military service among black women; they showed similar incomes to their nonveteran peers.…”

Section: Prior Research On Female Veterans: Empirical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's Work after War

Kleykamp

2010

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In the more than 30 years following the all-volunteer force (AVF), the proportion of women serving in the military has increased from 1.8 percent just before the AVF to 14.2 percent in 2008. The majority of women do not stay in the military for a 20-year or longer career; like men, most women only serve a few years before transitioning to the civilian workforce. Although the fraction of the military who are women has risen, as has the fraction of veterans who are women, little research informs how female veterans of the AVF fare economically after leaving service, or whether military service benefits minority women who serve in such disproportionate numbers. This paper investigates the civilian employment experiences of female veterans of the AVF using two sources of data. First, population-based data from the American Community Survey are used to evaluate the employment experiences of female veterans. Second, data from an audit study of civilian hiring practices provides additional insight into the experiences of women veterans transitioning from military to civilian work. We find little evidence of a veteran labor market disadvantage, either for white or black women. Both groups exhibit strong patterns of labor force attachment. Only white women show slightly lower rates of employment (among those in the labor force), while black women veterans show consistently advantageous employment profiles. These positive employment outcomes among female veterans at least partly derive from employer preference for hiring veterans over equally qualified nonveteran women. JEL Classification Codes: J01, J24, J70, Z13

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Racial Differences in the Impact of Military Service on the Socioeconomic Status of Women Veterans

Abstract: W5 [hile women have become increasingly integrated into traditionally male occupations,' it is still unclear what long-term payoffs will accrue to them from their nontraditional work histories. This is

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

The World War II Veteran Advantage? A Lifetime Cross-Sectional Study of Social Status Attainment

The World War II Veteran Advantage? A Lifetime Cross-Sectional Study of Social Status Attainment

Social Structures Affecting Army Performance

Women's Work after War

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