Racial Differences in Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss During Diet‐Induced Weight Loss in Women

Hunter, Gary R.; Bryan, David R.; Borges, Juliano Henrique; Diggs, M. David; Carter, Stephen J.

doi:10.1002/oby.22201

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Overweight/obese individuals often attempt to lose weight either on their own or as part of some organized programs to alleviate hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or osteoarthritis. Although weight loss might improve these chronic conditions, it often leads to loss of bone [3,4,5,6,7,8,9] and muscle [10], especially without added resistance training [11,12]; the extent of the latter is dependent on many factors [13]. Decreased bone and muscle mass with weight loss may increase the risks for osteosarcopenia and subsequent fractures [8,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Calcium and Low-Fat Dairy Foods in Weight-Loss Outcomes Revisited: Results from the Randomized Trial of Effects on Bone and Body Composition in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2019

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Several studies have investigated the possibility of dairy foods and calcium (Ca) mediating weight and body composition, but a consensus has not been reached. We aimed to investigate weight-loss-related outcomes during intervention with low-fat dairy foods or Ca + vitamin D supplements, both as complements to hypocaloric diets. Overweight/obese Caucasian, early-postmenopausal women (n = 135) were recruited for a 6 month energy-restricted weight loss study complemented with either low-fat dairy foods (D; 4–5 servings/day), or Ca + vitamin D supplements (S); both to amount a total of ~1500 mg/day and 600 IU/day of Ca and vitamin D, respectively, or placebo pills (C). Bone mineral density (BMD) and lean and fat tissue were measured by Lunar iDXA. Serum and urinary markers of bone turnover were analyzed. Diet and physical activity were assessed with 3-day records. Participants on average lost ~4%, ~3%, and ~2% of body weight, fat, and lean tissue, respectively. The significantly better outcomes were noticed in participants in the D group regarding body composition (fat loss/lean tissue preservation) and in participants in the S group regarding the BMD outcomes, compared to those in the C group. Therefore, increasing low-fat dairy foods to 4–5 servings/day and/or increasing Ca & vitamin D intake by supplements (in those who are at the borderline dietary intake) may be beneficial for weight loss/maintenance and may lead to more favorable bone and body composition outcomes in postmenopausal women during moderate weight loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Calcium and Low-Fat Dairy Foods in Weight-Loss Outcomes Revisited: Results from the Randomized Trial of Effects on Bone and Body Composition in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2019

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“…Racial differences impact body composition, with African American race associated with higher baseline skeletal muscle mass and less age‐related muscle loss. ( 28 ) Asian race is associated with lower muscle mass and a higher inclination for age‐related muscle loss. ( 29‐31 ) This study’s cohort was not powered to examine differences in ethnicity and previously proposed SMI cutoffs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Skeletal Muscle Index as a Predictor of Wait‐List Mortality in Patients With End‐Stage Liver Disease

Kappus

Wegermann

Bozdogan³

et al. 2020

Liver Transpl

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The aim of this study is to validate a proposed definition of sarcopenia in predicting wait‐list mortality. We retrospectively evaluated 355 adults (age ≥18 years) with cirrhosis listed for first‐time LT from January 1, 2010, to April 1, 2018 from our center. Demographic, laboratory, and outcome data were collected in conjunction with computed tomography scans performed within 3 months of listing. Using imaging analysis software, the skeletal muscle index (SMI), which is a marker for sarcopenia‐related mortality, was calculated. A survival analysis was performed to evaluate the association of the proposed sarcopenia definition of SMI <50 cm2/m2 for men or <39 cm2/m2 for women with wait‐list mortality or delisting. Median SMI was 54.1 cm2/m2 (range, 47‐60 cm2/m2). A total of 61 (17.2%) patients exhibited sarcopenia according to the proposed threshold, and 24.6% (57/232) of men were sarcopenic compared with 3.3% (4/123) of women (P < 0.001). Mean (standard deviation [SD]) SMI was also higher for men (56.6 ± 9.6 cm2/m2) than for women (50.7 ± 8.0 cm2/m2; P < 0.001). Median follow‐up time among patients was 2.1 months (0‐12 months), and 30 events were observed (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.95‐1.02; P = 0.41). There was no statistically significant difference in time on the waiting list between patients with and without sarcopenia (P = 0.89) as defined at the threshold. Using the prespecified definitions of sarcopenia based on SMI, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality and delisting from the transplant waiting list between patients with and without sarcopenia in this population. Practice and region‐specific patterns for pretransplant selection and median Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease at transplant may affect SMI as a predictor of wait‐list mortality.

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“…0.01 versus ? 0.10 kg/ m 2 , respectively), but this result was not statistically significant (p [ 0.20) [73]. Nonetheless, the difference in the diet-only intervention arm highlights the putative role of ethnicity (ostensibly serving as a proxy for genetic differences) in the response to diet or energy balance interventions.…”

Section: Ret and Lbm Retention In Low-energy Statesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It was discovered that the European-American participants had a statistically significant (p \ 0.01) reduction in relative skeletal muscle mass index (RSMI) relative to the African-American participants in the diet-only group (-0.24 versus ? 0.08 kg/m 2 , respectively) [73]. They observed changes with a VLED diet and RET (?…”

Section: Ret and Lbm Retention In Low-energy Statesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ethnic-specific differences in LBM retention between VLED-only and VLED with RET interventions were noted by Hunter et al (2018), who performed an RCT with 140 women with obesity between the ages of 20–44 years stratified based on age, pre-intervention BMI and ethnicity (African-American and European-American) [ 73 ]. It was discovered that the European-American participants had a statistically significant ( p < 0.01) reduction in relative skeletal muscle mass index (RSMI) relative to the African-American participants in the diet-only group (− 0.24 versus + 0.08 kg/m 2 , respectively) [ 73 ]. They observed changes with a VLED diet and RET (+ 0.01 versus + 0.10 kg/m 2 , respectively), but this result was not statistically significant ( p > 0.20) [ 73 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Exercise On Lbm Retention In Vledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Very Low Energy Diets and Low Energy Diets with Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass: A Narrative Review

et al. 2020

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In recent years, very-low-energy diets (VLEDs) have been recognised as a viable strategy for improving the extent of weight loss and cardiometabolic outcomes in people who are either overweight or obese. However, concerns exist regarding the reductions in lean body mass (LBM) during VLEDs, particularly in vulnerable demographic groups, such as middle-aged and older adults already prone to developing sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is itself associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including frailty, cardio-metabolic deterioration and increased mortality. Therefore, a number of studies investigating strategies to ameliorate this detrimental effect of VLEDs have attempted to address this concern. This narrative review explores the potential benefits and limitations of exercise and/or protein supplementation for LBM retention during VLEDs based on the available evidence. Current studies suggest that both protein supplementation and exercise training may result in improved LBM retention (and skeletal muscle function) during VLEDs. However, uncertainty remains concerning the interactions between intervention types, based on discordant outcomes reported in the literature and the heterogeneity of exercise modalities in achieving this particular outcome.

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Racial Differences in Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss During Diet‐Induced Weight Loss in Women

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Role of Calcium and Low-Fat Dairy Foods in Weight-Loss Outcomes Revisited: Results from the Randomized Trial of Effects on Bone and Body Composition in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women

Role of Calcium and Low-Fat Dairy Foods in Weight-Loss Outcomes Revisited: Results from the Randomized Trial of Effects on Bone and Body Composition in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women

Use of Skeletal Muscle Index as a Predictor of Wait‐List Mortality in Patients With End‐Stage Liver Disease

The Effects of Very Low Energy Diets and Low Energy Diets with Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass: A Narrative Review

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