Racial Differences in Physical Activity in Nursing Home Residents With Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Nursing home residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment are mostly sedentary. It is more likely that African-American (AA) older adults tend to be more sedentary than their white counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine racial differences in overall time spent in physical activity (PA), time in sedentary, light intensity, and moderate levels of PA, and participation in activities of daily living (ADLs) among cognitively impaired nursing home residents. METHODS: This was a secondary data analysis from the Function and Behavior Focused Care Intervention study. The sample included 336 cognitively impaired residents from 12 nursing homes. RESULTS: The mean age of the residents was 86.2 (SD=10.1) with an average MMSE score of 7.8 (SD=5.0) where 41% were AA and 59% white. White and AA participants engaged in only 51.2 and 46.1 minutes of light and 1.5 and 1.1 minutes of moderate level PA, respectively. There was a significant difference in time spent in light-intensity PA with whites spending more time in this level of activity [F(4, 242) = 3.360, p = .01]. Conversely, AAs had better functional ability than white residents [F(4, 242) = 4.754, p < .001]. There were no significant racial differences in time in sedentary, or moderate level PA. DISCUSSION: These findings are consistent with prior research showing that AAs had lower PA levels compared to their white counterparts. Future research should focus on increasing PA among nursing home residents and consider specific interventions to increase activity among AA residents.

Racial Disparities in Care Interactions and Clinical Outcomes in Black Versus White Nursing Home Residents With Dementia

“…Consistent with prior research,10,38 there was no difference in Black and White residents with regard to function. The mean Barthel Index among all of the residents was less than 40 across all time points, indicating dependent function 19.…”