Racial differences in overdose events and polydrug detection in Indianapolis, Indiana

Ray, Bradley; Lowder, Evan M.; Bailey, Katie; Huynh, Philip; Benton, Richard A.; Watson, Dennis P.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107658

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Moreover, our fatal overdose data are suspected overdose events but lack confirmation with toxicological testing. Although we do not have the toxicology results on the overdose deaths, recent published rates suggest more than 80% of accidental overdose deaths are opioid-related [26]. Furthermore, while this study highlights changes in overdoses and naloxone administration by EMS, it does not attempt to describe changes in volumes of patients who overdose but do not interact with the EMS system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Drug Overdoses in Indianapolis

et al. 2020

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We described the change in drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in one urban emergency medical services (EMS) system. Data was collected from Marion County, Indiana (Indianapolis), including EMS calls for service (CFS) for suspected overdose, CFS in which naloxone was administered, and fatal overdose data from the County Coroner's Office. With two sample t tests and ARIMA time series forecasting, we showed changes in the daily rates of calls (all EMS CFS, overdose CFS, and CFS in which naloxone was administered) before and after the stay-at-home order in Indianapolis. We further showed differences in the weekly rate of overdose deaths. Overdose CFS and EMS naloxone administration showed an increase with the social isolation of the Indiana stay-at-home order, but a continued increase after the stay-at-home order was terminated. Despite a mild 4% increase in all EMS CFS, overdose CFS increased 43% and CFS with naloxone administration increased 61% after the stay-athome order. Deaths from drug overdoses increased by 47%. There was no change in distribution of age, race/ethnicity, or zip code of those who overdosed after the stay-at-home order was issued. We hope this data informs policy-makers preparing for future COVID-19 responses and other disaster responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Drug Overdoses in Indianapolis

et al. 2020

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“…White PWID were significantly less likely to be very concerned about overdosing from fentanyl than Black PWID. Prior research has suggested that social disadvantage factors may lead to drug supplies in minority communities being tainted more frequently with fentanyl than in other communities (Ray et al, 2020). Racial differences in drug supply quality have been blamed for increasing drug overdose deaths of Black individuals (Ray et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fentanyl overdose concerns among people who inject drugs: The role of sex, racial minority status, and overdose prevention efforts.

Jones¹,

Schneider²,

Mahlobo³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) have an elevated risk of fentanyl-related overdoses. This study explores fentanyl overdose concerns among PWID and the role of sex, racial minority status, and overdose prevention efforts in these concerns. Method: Data were from 498 PWID from Baltimore City, MD, recruited using street-based outreach between 2016 and 2019. Multinomial logistic regressions assessed correlates of participants’ level of concern for themselves and their peers overdosing from fentanyl. Results: A third of participants were female, half were Black, over two-thirds perceived fentanyl to be in all/most of heroin, 40% expressed low fentanyl overdose concern, and a third overdosed in the past 6 months. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, female sex was associated with being very concerned about fentanyl overdoses for oneself (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.22, 3.72) and peers (aRR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.45). Compared to Black participants, White participants were less likely to be very concerned about fentanyl overdoses for themselves (aRR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.65). Participants who often/always carried naloxone (aRR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.42, 5.95) perceived fentanyl in most heroin (aRR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.29, 5.97) or were on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) (quite a bit concerned aRR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.69; very concerned: aRR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.22) were more likely than their counterparts to report being concerned for their peers, but not for themselves. Conclusion: Female sex and racial minority status were associated with greater concern regarding fentanyl overdoses for oneself. Increasing overdose deaths in these populations suggests disparate access to harm-reduction initiatives rather than interest or concern. Furthermore, findings on naloxone, MOUD, and concerns for peers support social network-based interventions among PWID.

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“…In addition, while our measure of race–ethnicity was crude, our analysis found that African Americans had a decreased risk of fatal overdose relative to whites. This might be contextualized by other research—specifically, studies from Marion County [47,54]—suggesting that different illicit drug consumption patterns exist between African Americans and whites. Future research should focus upon replicating our analysis in other urban settings, with a particular focus upon racial differences in drug use immediately following release from jail.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Administrative records for jail bookings were related to a single jail site and obtained from the Marion County Sheriff 's Office (MCSO) and included booking date, release date and booking offense for all individuals who were detained from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. Accidental fatal overdose data came from the Marion County Coroner's Office (MCCO) that were collected as part of ongoing funding to the Indiana Department of Health (NU17CE002721-02 and CDC-RFA-CE19-1904) to collect real-time toxicology data and have been used to surveil trends in fatal overdose events [45][46][47], as well as document gaps in the death investigation process [43,44]. In this study we looked at all accidental overdose deaths confirmed by the MCCO occurring within the county from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019.…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jail and overdose: assessing the community impact of incarceration on overdose

et al. 2021

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Background and aims Incarceration produces a specific public health threat for drug overdose, and correctional settings do not offer medication for opioid use disorder. This study examined the overall impact of jail incarceration on overdose, the specific hazard for those booked on a syringe-related charge and the proportion of all overdose decedents in the community who were in the jail prior to death. Design and setting A cohort study of fatal overdose outcomes among a sample of individuals booked into and released from jail between

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Racial differences in overdose events and polydrug detection in Indianapolis, Indiana

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Drug Overdoses in Indianapolis

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Drug Overdoses in Indianapolis

Fentanyl overdose concerns among people who inject drugs: The role of sex, racial minority status, and overdose prevention efforts.

Jail and overdose: assessing the community impact of incarceration on overdose

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