Racial differences in correlations between reported dietary intakes of carotenoids and their concentration biomarkers

Abstract

Despite stronger validity in reported energy intakes for African Americans than for whites in the 24-h dietary recall in the Energetics Study, both recalls and food-frequency dietary assessment methods yielded lower correlations in African Americans than in whites. This finding might be attributable to reporting differences in both dietary sources and food preparation or to racially related genetic variants influencing circulating concentrations. The current findings support the need to account for differences in race, age, sex, and body mass index in regression calibrations of dietary reports and measurement error adjustments.

Quantifying Diet for Nutrigenomic Studies

“…Most FFQs have been developed and validated either for a defined population, e.g., health professionals, or to be nationally representative, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (11, 101). FFQs have shown relatively poor results in minority groups, however, including non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics (4, 10, 99). For example, validity coefficients for energy intake in the multiethnic questionnaire used by Block in studies of mothers participating in the Women, Infants, and Children program were 0.44 for non-Hispanic white women but only 0.14 for Hispanic women (10); in a multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles, energy coefficients for non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic black men were 0.48, 0.33, and 0.16, respectively (99); and the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study showed energy validity coefficients for urban non-Hispanic whites of 0.61, relative to 0.37 for urban non-Hispanic blacks, and 0.27 for rural Hispanics (69).…”

The relationship among serum levels of manganese superoxide dismutase and mtDNA 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and dietary antioxidants intake in Type 2 Diabetes

“…Previous studies (Arab at al., 2011;Kirk at al., 2006;Feairheller et al, 2011) The mitochondria produce superoxide ions, the most abundant ROS produced, that may participate in the damage of cellular macromolecules. There is evidence that superoxide has an association with the development of diabetes complications and that MnSOD is the first line of defense in neutralizing superoxide in the mitochondria (Du et al, 2003;Brownlee, 2005).…”

“…In their review, they reported that the mechanism for the lowering effect of A1C is related to the reduction in the rate of hemoglobin glycation. Arab et al (2011) compared dietary antioxidant intake between African Americans and Caucasians. They found that healthy African Americans were more likely to be overweight and that being overweight contributed to inflammation and oxidative stress status.…”

“…African Americans had a significantly lower intake of antioxidants. The researchers believed that the difference may have been due to food preparation, dietary sources, genetic variants, or BMI (Arab et al, 2011). Huffman, Serge, and Himburg (2011) found intra-racial differences in caloric intake and BMI in African Americans and Haitian Americans.…”

“…The United States Census Bureau (2009) (Kirk et al, 2006;Manickham et al, 2013), lower dietary antioxidants plasma biomarkers (Arab et al, 2011), and increased oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammation (Feairheller et al, 2011;Cook et al, 2013) than whites. There are no studies on glycemic control, oxidative stress biomarkers, or dietary antioxidant in Haitians.…”