Racial and Ethnic Differences in Antipsychotic Medication Use Among Children Enrolled in Medicaid

Cataife, Guido; Weinberg, Daniel A.

doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400045

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…20,21 This study is also consistent with non-TBI studies documenting lower receipt of mental health services among Hispanic and "other" race children 22 and lower receipt of antipsychotic prescriptions among Hispanic, African American, and Asian children covered by Medicaid. 23 Based on our findings and previous findings from other studies, we recommend clinicians caring for minority patients, especially those with language and cultural barriers, to increase efforts to educate these families about possible mental and behavioral problems after mild TBI, emphasizing the importance of consulting if these symptoms are apparent. Close follow-up of these children might be warranted to diagnose new mental or behavioral disorders that might be missed by parents or that parents might be reluctant to address.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 57%

Utilization of Mental Health Services After Mild Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Jimenez¹,

Quistberg²,

Vavilala³

et al. 2017

Pediatrics

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BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury injuries (mTBIs), including concussions, represent >2 million US pediatric emergency department visits annually. Post-mTBI mental health symptoms are prominent and often attributed to the mTBI. This study examined whether individuals seeking post-mTBI mental health care had previous mental health diagnoses or a new onset of such disorders, and determined if mental health care utilization differed by race/ethnicity.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 57%

Utilization of Mental Health Services After Mild Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Jimenez¹,

Quistberg²,

Vavilala³

et al. 2017

Pediatrics

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“…1 This is similar to other studies of children enrolled in Medicaid. 7,48 In children diagnosed with schizophrenia, slightly more Black than White children were prescribed antipsychotics, 49 and in a privately insured population with recent-onset psychosis, antipsychotic use was similar across racial/ethnic groups with higher outpatient mental health services in White youths. 50 Efforts to examine antipsychotic prescribing trends by race and ethnicity in young children are needed to identify disparities and to improve antipsychotic prescribing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Antipsychotic Medication Use in Young Privately Insured Children

Bushnell

Crystal

Olfson

2021

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective: To estimate trends of annual antipsychotic medication use by privately insured young children (aged 2-7 years) in the United States, and to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics of these children. Method: The study population included young children from a nationwide commercial claims database (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). We estimated annual antipsychotic use by age and sex, defined as the number of children dispensed an antipsychotic per year divided by the number enrolled. We described clinical diagnoses and mental health service use in those with prescription antipsychotic use in 2009 and 2017. Results: Annual antipsychotic use in young children was 0.27% in 2007, peaked at 0.29% in 2009, and statistically significantly declined to 0.17% by 2017 (linear trend: À0.017% per year, 95% CI: À0.018 to À0.016). Antipsychotic use was higher in boys than in girls. A greater proportion of antipsychotic users received a mental disorder diagnosis in 2017 (89%) than in 2009 (86%, p < .01). The most common clinical diagnoses in antipsychotic users, under a hierarchical classification, were pervasive developmental disorder ( 2009

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“…This trend continues with other mental health diagnoses as Black and Latinx children have significantly lower overall use of psychotropic medications to treat mental health concerns (e.g., Leslie et al, 2003). Despite Latinx children having lower overall use of psychotropic medications, this group receives prescriptions for antipsychotic drugs at a higher rate than other populations, and these drugs have more metabolic side effects than other medication classes (Cataife & Weinberg, 2015). Although being less likely to receive appropriate treatment, Black children tend to use emergency mental health services disproportionately, are more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric crisis stabilization compared to White children, and are less likely to have timely follow-up after a mental health hospitalization (e.g., Bardach et al, 2020).…”

Section: Jeffrey D Shahidullahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child health equity and primary care.

Shahidullah

Hostutler

Coker

et al. 2023

American Psychologist

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Child health disparities in terms of access to high-quality physical and behavioral health services and social needs supports are rampant and pernicious in the United States. These disparities reflect larger societal health inequities (social injustice in health) and lead to preventable populationspecific differences in wellness outcomes with marginalized children facing substantial and systematically disproportionate health burdens. Primary care, and specifically the pediatric patient-centered medical home (P-PCMH) model, is a theoretically well-positioned platform to address whole-child health and wellness needs, yet often does so in a way that is inequitable for marginalized populations. This article delineates how the integration of psychologists within the P-PCMH can advance child health equity. This discussion emphasizes roles (i.e., clinician, consultant, trainer, administrator, researcher, and advocate) that psychologists can undertake with explicit intentionality toward promoting equity. These roles consider structural and ecological drivers of inequities and emphasize interprofessional collaboration within and across childserving systems of care using community-partnered shared decision-making approaches. Owing to the multiple intersecting drivers implicated in health inequities-ecological (e.g., environmental and social determinants of health), biological (e.g., chronic illness, intergenerational morbidity), and developmental (e.g., developmental screening, support, and early intervention)the ecobiodevelopmental model is used as an organizing framework for psychologists' roles in promoting health equity.

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Racial and Ethnic Differences in Antipsychotic Medication Use Among Children Enrolled in Medicaid

Abstract: Substantial racial-ethnic differences were found in antipsychotic use. Explanations based on greater aversion to pharmacological treatment among minority groups are insufficient to explain the phenomenon.

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Utilization of Mental Health Services After Mild Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Utilization of Mental Health Services After Mild Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Trends in Antipsychotic Medication Use in Young Privately Insured Children

Child health equity and primary care.

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