Racial and ethnic differences in sickle cell disease within the United States: From demographics to outcomes

Pokhrel, Akriti; Adeniran, Olayemi; Ogbonda, Stephanie; Nair, Kiron; Wang, Jen C.

doi:10.1111/ejh.13936

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The most common SCD genotype in the general population is HbSS, predominantly in Blacks. 15 At the same time, HbSβ is more prevalent in Whites and Hispanics. 15 This may explain the demographic distribution of the patients and Hb genotype in our cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 At the same time, HbSβ is more prevalent in Whites and Hispanics. 15 This may explain the demographic distribution of the patients and Hb genotype in our cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common SCD genotype in the general population is HbSS, predominantly in Blacks 15 . At the same time, HbSβ is more prevalent in Whites and Hispanics 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demographics and outcomes of hemoglobin genotype in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and sickle cell disease in the United States

Ilerhunmwuwa

Inyang

Wasifuddin

et al. 2023

European J of Haematology

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IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with poor outcomes in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. However, there is a paucity of data comparing hemoglobin (Hb) genotypes in SCD and infection outcomes.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample was used to identify the record of hospitalizations with COVID‐19 and SCD in 2020 using the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes. Study outcomes (invasive mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, shock, vasopressor use, measures of resource utilization, and in‐hospital mortality) were compared between hemoglobin SS, SC, and S‐beta thalassemia (Sβ).ResultsOf the 102 975 COVID‐19 hospitalizations with SCD, 87.26% had HbSS, 7.16% had HbSC, and 5.58% had HbSβ. Younger patients were more likely to have HbSS, while older patients were likely to have HbSC and HbSβ. HbSS was more frequent with Blacks, while HbSβ was more prevalent with Whites and Hispanics. Though measures of resource utilization were higher in HbSS, there was no significant difference in in‐hospital outcomes between the three genotypes.ConclusionThere is no difference in COVID‐19 outcomes among Hb genotypes in SCD. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons for this observation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 At the same time, HbSβ is more prevalent in Whites and Hispanics. 15 This may explain the demographic distribution of the patients and Hb genotype in our cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demographics and outcomes of hemoglobin genotype in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and sickle cell disease in the United States

Ilerhunmwuwa

Inyang

Wasifuddin

et al. 2023

European J of Haematology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also empirical evidence suggesting disparities in the prevalence, type, severity, and complications, and cost of care related to SCD based on race/ethnicity [26][27][28]. For instance, among Black newborns in the United States 1 in 365 is affected by SCD compared to approximately 1 in 16,300 in Hispanic newborns [26,29]. Recent research conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, further, underscores the racial discrepancies in SCD-related hospitalizations [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of hospital readmissions in adult patients with sickle cell disease

Santiago

2023

Am J Blood Res

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Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited blood disorder, affecting primarily Black and Hispanic individuals. In 2016, 30-day readmissions incurred 95,445 extra days of hospitalization, $152 million in total hospitalization costs, and $609 million in total hospitalization charges. Objectives: 1) To estimate hospital readmissions within 30 days among patients with SCD in the State of California. 2) Identify the factors associated with readmission within 30 days for SCD patients in California. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult SCD patients hospitalized in California between 2005 and 2014. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to examine significant differences in patient characteristics and their association with hospital readmissions. Results: From 2,728 individual index admissions, 70% presented with single admission, 10% experienced one readmission, and 20% experienced ≥ two readmissions within 30 days. Significant predictors associated with zero vs. one readmission were male gender (OR=1.

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Stroke in sickle cell patients, epidemiology, pathophysiology, systemic and surgical treatment options and prevention strategies

Shah,

Alberts,

Ngo

et al. 2024

Clinical and Translational Dis

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BackgroundA hereditary haemoglobinopathy known as sickle cell disease (SCD) affects over 100 000 people in the United States severely. Cerebrovascular disease is a prominent consequence of SCD. By the age of 30, 53% of patients have silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) (a stroke that occurs without any obvious symptoms because it damages a small part of the brain that isn't responsible for any essential functions), and by the age of 40, 3.8% have overt strokes.Main bodyThe multidimensional burden of cerebrovascular illness in SCD is reviewed in detail in this article, which includes both clinical strokes and the frequently asymptomatic SCIs. The intricate pathophysiology of SCD and stroke is explored. With SCD, there are currently very few methods for preventing primary and secondary stroke; the most common ones are hydroxyurea and blood transfusion. Nevertheless, not enough research has been done on the possible contributions of anticoagulation and aspirin to strokes linked to SCD. Promising evidence is also highlighted in the study, suggesting that new drugs intended to treat SCD may be able to alleviate leg ulcers and renal impairment in addition to reducing unusually high transcranial Doppler flow velocity – a crucial component of cerebrovascular events. Given that these novel medications specifically target haemolysis and vaso‐occlusion, the two main causes of strokes in this population, more research is desperately needed to determine whether they are effective in avoiding strokes in people with SCD. The literature review also emphasizes how common healthcare inequities are and how they hinder advancements in SCD research and management in the United States.ConclusionTo successfully address these inequities, the evaluation recommends more funding for both SCD management and research, as well as for patient and clinician education. This multimodal viewpoint highlights the intricate terrain of cerebrovascular problems associated with SCD and the urgent need for all‐encompassing and fair strategies to improve patient outcomes and advance research.

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Racial and ethnic differences in sickle cell disease within the United States: From demographics to outcomes

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Demographics and outcomes of hemoglobin genotype in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and sickle cell disease in the United States

Demographics and outcomes of hemoglobin genotype in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and sickle cell disease in the United States

Predictors of hospital readmissions in adult patients with sickle cell disease

Stroke in sickle cell patients, epidemiology, pathophysiology, systemic and surgical treatment options and prevention strategies

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