Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Dry Eye Disease

Ward, Michael F.; Le, Patrick; Donaldson, Jared C.; Buren, Eric Van; Lin, Feng‐Chang; Lefebvre, Chelsea; Weaver, Mark A.; Vaart, Robert van der; Davis, Richard M.

doi:10.1080/09286586.2019.1607882

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…TF and TFLL are often compromised in patients with DES and MGD 16 , 57 . Theoretically, differences in the chemical composition of meibum may contribute to a higher prevalence of DES and MGD in the Asian population compared to the Caucasian one, as many epidemiologic studies demonstrated 58 – 60 . To test this hypothesis, a direct comparison of meibum from both ethnic groups was performed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive profiling of Asian and Caucasian meibomian gland secretions reveals similar lipidomic signatures regardless of ethnicity

Butovich

Suzuki

Wojtowicz

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Meibum—a lipid secretion that is produced by Meibomian glands (MG) in a process termed meibogenesis—plays a critical role in ocular surface physiology. Abnormalities in the chemical composition of meibum were linked to widespread ocular pathologies—dry eye syndrome (DES) and MG dysfunction (MGD). Importantly, in epidemiologic studies the Asian population was shown to be prone to these pathologies more than the Caucasian one, which was tied to differences in their meibomian lipids. However, biochemical data to support these observations and conclusions are limited. To determine if non-DES/non-MGD Asian meibum was significantly different from that of Caucasians, individual samples of meibum collected from ethnic Asian population living in Japan were compared with those of Caucasians living in the USA. These experiments revealed that composition of major lipid classes, such as wax esters (WE), cholesteryl esters (CE), triacylglycerols, (O) -acylated ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFA), cholesteryl sulfate, cholesteryl esters of OAHFA, and diacylated α,ω-dihydroxy fatty alcohols remained invariable in both races, barring a minor (< 10%; p < 0.01) increase in the Asian CE/WE ratio. Considering the natural variability range for most meibomian lipids (app. ± 15% of the Mean), these differences in meibogenesis were deemed to be minimal and unlikely to have a measurable physiological impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive profiling of Asian and Caucasian meibomian gland secretions reveals similar lipidomic signatures regardless of ethnicity

Butovich

Suzuki

Wojtowicz

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Apart from differences in the diagnostic criteria, race and ethnicity have been consistently argued to be a predisposing factor in the aetiology of DED, with the Asian race being a risk factor. 30 A recent study in the US among type 2 diabetes patients by Ward et al 31 reported that Asian patients were most likely to have DED (OR= 1.49; P = 0.03) followed by White patients (OR: 1.19; P <0.001) while Black patients were least likely to have the disease (OR = 1.03; P < 0.99). The associated risk factor for the Asian race in DED has been related to anatomical differences in eyelid structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction among a clinical sample of type 2 diabetes patients in Ghana

Abu¹,

Ofori²,

Boadi-Kusi³

et al. 2022

Afr H. Sci.

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Objective: To evaluate dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction among type 2 diabetes patients Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Parameters assessed included meibum expressibility and quality, Schirmer test 1, tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, blink rates and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores. Dry eye was diagnosed based on a combination of subjective symptoms, tear function and ocular surface staining. Results: Prevalence of DED and MGD were 72.3% and 55.3% respectively. Symptomatic dry eye (OSDI scores) was significantly associated with duration of diabetes (rs = 0.11, P = 0.028) and the presence of conjunctival disorders (OR = 2.09, P = 0.002). MGD was a risk factor for DED (OR = 1.99, P = 0.008); ocular surface damage, the presence of eye lid lesions, abnormal Schirmer test and reduced TBUT were significantly associated with MGD, the strongest predictor being ocular surface damage (OR = 3.21, P = 0.001). OSDI scores had no association with the presence of corneal lesions possibly due to reduced corneal sensitivity. Conclusion: DED and MGD were prevalent among the patients and therefore there is the need for dry eye assessment as a routine clinical management protocol for patients with type 2 diabetes. Keywords: Dry eye disease; meibomian gland dysfunction; type 2 diabetes; Ghana.

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“…Pain is often accompanied, and can be exacerbated, by co-morbidities such as anxiety. Human studies have shown a positive correlation between DED severity and symptoms of anxiety 7,[60][61][62] . While there have been some reports of increased signs of anxiety in chronic pain models, other reports have not found a significant effect of pain on anxiety measures [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lacrimal gland excision in male and female mice causes ocular pain and anxiety-like behaviors

Mecum

Demers

Sullivan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Lacrimal gland excision (LGE) induced dry eye produces more severe corneal damage in female mice, yet signs of LGE-induced ocular pain and anxiety in male and female mice have not been characterized. Excision of either the extraorbital gland (single LGE), or both the extraorbital and intraorbital glands (double LGE) was performed in male and female C57BL/6J mice to induce moderate and severe dry eye. Ongoing pain was assessed by quantifying palpebral opening and evoked nociceptive responses after corneal application of capsaicin and menthol. The open-field and plus maze were used to assess anxiety. Single LGE caused a reduction in palpebral opening and an increase in capsaicin and menthol-evoked responses only in female mice. Furthermore, single LGE produced signs of increased anxiety in female but not male mice. Overall, female mice appear more susceptible to signs of ocular pain, irritation, and anxiety in response to aqueous tear deficiency.

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Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Dry Eye Disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Comprehensive profiling of Asian and Caucasian meibomian gland secretions reveals similar lipidomic signatures regardless of ethnicity

Comprehensive profiling of Asian and Caucasian meibomian gland secretions reveals similar lipidomic signatures regardless of ethnicity

Dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction among a clinical sample of type 2 diabetes patients in Ghana

Lacrimal gland excision in male and female mice causes ocular pain and anxiety-like behaviors

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