Raceway Design for the Innovative Blast Furnace

Nogami, Hiroshi; Yamaoka, Hideyuki; Takatani, Kouji

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.44.2150

Cited by 103 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As solid particles are best considered discrete entities, CCDM is considered suitable for the study of the gas-solid flow. [18][19][20][21]59,60) Figure 5(a) shows a comparison between CCDM results and experimental measurements. 60) When gas is laterally blasted into 2-D packed bed, a cavity can form in front of the gas inlet, which is characterized by a central high void region with some particles circulating in the cavity.…”

Section: Ccdm Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19) These results clearly show that the formation of raceway depends on a range of variables, which should be quantified very carefully. Attempts have been made to extend the CCDM approach to consider heat and mass transfer, 20) and raceways with more realistic geometry. 21) Figure 6 shows CCDM calculations when chemical reactions and heat transfer in a raceway are considered.…”

Section: Ccdm Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past decade or so, significant progress has been made to overcome these deficiencies, mainly as a result of the rapid development of computer and computational technologies. For example, mathematical models have been developed to describe the localized flow of liquids in the cohesive zone and deadman, 16,17) solid flow in the raceway and down to the furnace hearth, [18][19][20][21][22] abnormal flows such as burden hanging, 23) powder flow and accumulation, 24) and liquid flooding. 25) Process modelling has also been developed rapidly: now the BF ironmaking can be modelled as a three-dimensional transient process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

et al. 2007

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An ironmaking blast furnace is a complex multiphase flow reactor involving gas, powder, liquid and solid phases. Understanding the flow behaviour of these phases is of paramount importance to the control and optimization of the process. Mathematical modelling, often coupled with physical modelling, plays an important role in this development. Yagi 1) gave a comprehensive review of the early studies in this area in 1993. Significant progress has since been made, partially driven by the needs in research but mainly as a result of the rapid development of computer and computational technologies. This paper reviews these developments, covering the formulation, validation and application of mathematical models for gas-solid, gas-liquid, gas-powder and multiphase flows. The need for further developments is also discussed.KEY WORDS: ironmaking; blast furnace; multiphase flow; two fluid model; discrete element method. Review development. Mathematical ModellingGenerally speaking, the existing approaches to modelling the multiphase flow in a BF can be classified into two categories: continuum approach at a macroscopic level and discrete approach at a microscopic level. In the continuum approach, phases are generally considered as fully interpenetrating continuum media and described by separate conservation equations with appropriate constitutive relations and interaction terms representing the coupling between phases. The general governing equations are based on the so-called two fluid model (TFM), originally developed for gas-particle flow, [29][30][31] given by:Conservation The so-called Model A and Model B result from the treatment of the fluid pressure. For example, for gas-solid flow, Model A assumes the pressure is shared between the two phases, while in Model B, the pressure is attributed to gas phase only. 31) Model A formulation has been widely used in multiphase modelling, especially in process metallurgy. Model B formulation was recently used in the so called combined continuum and discrete method for coupled flow of continuum fluid and discrete particles. 32) The continuum approach is suitable for process modelling and applied research because of its computational convenience and efficiency. Indeed, most of the BF modelling is based on this approach. However, its effective use heavily depends on constitutive or closure relations and the momentum exchange between phases. For Newtonian fluids (gas and liquid here), these relations can be readily determined. For non-Newtonian fluids such as solids and powder, general theories are not yet available. In the past, various theories have been devised for different flow regimes (three flow regimes have been identified: quasi-static regime, rapid flow regime and a transitional regime that lies inbetween). For example, models have been proposed to derive the constitutive equations for the rate-independent deformation of granular materials based on either the plasticity theory or the double shearing theory; the rapid flow of granular materials has been described by extend...

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Section: Ccdm Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ccdm Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

et al. 2007

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“…The validation of the developed CFD models have been based on published data in the literature as well as observations by industrial collaborators. [56] . The experiment facility is shown in Figure 3.1.…”

Section: Validationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agreement between CFD predictions and experimental correlations is well within the acceptable range in terms of both magnitude and the trends. The measured data from the same experimental apparatus in Figure 3.1 is used to validate the coke combustion model [56] . The experimental data from Zhang et al [58] is used to validate the coal combustion model.…”

Section: Validationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling for High Rate Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) into the Blast Furnace

Zhou¹

2008

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Optimization of Ironmaking Blast Furnace Operations Using an Integrated Mathematical Model

Liu

Kuang

Guo

et al. 2022

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Ing. Joachim Werther on the occasion of his 80th birthdayOptimization of ironmaking blast furnaces (BFs) must consider bottom and top operations. This is done by a recently developed integrated BF model covering the BF below the burden surface. Key operating parameters are focused, viz. coal rate, oxygen enrichment, blast temperature, and burden central opening extent. Numerical orthogonal experiments are thus conducted. Fitting the simulation data yields a set of empirical correlations predicting BF performance indicators. After the fitting accuracy test, the correlations are used for multi-objective optimization and operatable zone identification.

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Raceway Design for the Innovative Blast Furnace

Cited by 103 publications

References 11 publications

Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling for High Rate Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) into the Blast Furnace

Optimization of Ironmaking Blast Furnace Operations Using an Integrated Mathematical Model

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