Races humaines fossiles - races de Canstadt.

Quatrefages, A. de; Hamy, Ernest-Théodore

doi:10.3406/bmsap.1873.3552

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Their plan was to examine as many human fossils as possible, to compare these with one another and with the skeletons of modern humans, in order to identify the races that existed in Europe during the Pleistocene. 55 Hamy and Quatrefages concluded that there were enough similarities among some of these fossils to identify a Canstadt race, named for a human skull discovered in Germany in 1700, which represented in their opinion a distinct 'palaeontological human race' ('race humaine paléontologique') that occupied Europe during the Pleistocene. The Neanderthal cranium, the La Naulette mandible, and several lesser-known specimens were attributed to this ancient race.…”

Section: From Human Fossils To Fossil Human Racesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The beginnings of human palaeontology: prehistory, craniometry and the ‘fossil human races’

Goodrum

2016

Br J Hist Sci

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Since the nineteenth century, hominid palaeontology has offered critical information about prehistoric humans and evidence for human evolution. Human fossils discovered at a time when there was growing agreement that humans existed during the Ice Age became especially significant but also controversial. This paper argues that the techniques used to study human fossils from the 1850s to the 1870s and the way that these specimens were interpreted owed much to the anthropological examination of Stone, Bronze, and Iron Age skeletons retrieved by archaeologists from prehistoric tombs throughout Europe. What emerged was the idea that a succession of distinct human races, which were identified using techniques such as craniometry, had occupied and migrated into Europe beginning in the Ice Age and continuing into the historic period. This marks a phase in the history of human palaeontology that gradually gave way to a science of palaeoanthropology that viewed hominid fossils more from the perspective of evolutionary theory and hominid phylogeny.

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Section: From Human Fossils To Fossil Human Racesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The beginnings of human palaeontology: prehistory, craniometry and the ‘fossil human races’

Goodrum

2016

Br J Hist Sci

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“…Moreover, there were Neolithic and even medieval skulls from tombs in France that bore these same features, which led Hamy and Quatrefages to suggest that this prehistoric race had not become extinct but, rather, had become mixed with later races that entered France. 49 The evidence suggested that there had lived in Europe at a very remote period in time a particular "race humaine paléontologique" (paleontological human race) that they called the Canstadt race. 50 But this was not the only race inhabiting Europe at this time.…”

Section: Anthropology Craniometry and Fossil Human Racesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crafting a New Science: Defining Paleoanthropology and Its Relationship to Prehistoric Archaeology, 1860–1890

Goodrum¹

2014

Isis

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Paleoanthropology emerged as a science during the late nineteenth century. The discovery of prehistoric artifacts in Pleistocene deposits soon led to the excavation of fossilized human bones. The archaeologists and geologists who unearthed them were primarily concerned with determining whether the human fossils and the artifacts found with them actually dated from the Pleistocene, thus offering evidence for the geological antiquity of humans. Prehistoric archaeologists reconstructed the way of life of prehistoric peoples through the artifacts found, while anthropologists examined the human fossils. They wanted primarily to identify the races of prehistoric humans. It was within this context that French anthropologists began to use the term "paléo-anthropologie" to refer to a new scientific discipline devoted to the study of prehistoric human races and human paleontology. This essay examines how paleoanthropology was defined as a science during the 1870s and 1880s. It shows that a tension existed between the objectives and methods of archaeologists and anthropologists. Paul Topinard criticized archaeologists and argued that a new type of scientist; the paleoanthropologist trained in anatomy or zoology, was needed to study human fossils properly.

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The Gibraltar Skull: early history, 1848–1868

Menez

2018

Archives of Natural History

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The Gibraltar Skull is Gibraltar's most celebrated fossil and the first adult Neanderthal skull ever found. Very little is known about its discovery and history while it was in Gibraltar. The skull was sent to London in 1864. There it formed a key component in the debates about human evolution and especially how Neanderthal 1, the Feldhofer skull, was understood. As such, it was instrumental in initiating the new field of palaeoanthropology. This paper draws on published and unpublished, primary sources to re-evaluate the early history of the Gibraltar Skull and provides fresh interpretations of this history.

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Races humaines fossiles - races de Canstadt.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The beginnings of human palaeontology: prehistory, craniometry and the ‘fossil human races’

The beginnings of human palaeontology: prehistory, craniometry and the ‘fossil human races’

Crafting a New Science: Defining Paleoanthropology and Its Relationship to Prehistoric Archaeology, 1860–1890

The Gibraltar Skull: early history, 1848–1868

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