Race-specific geography of prostate cancer incidence

DeChello, Laurie M; Gregorio, David I.; Samociuk, Holly

doi:10.1186/1476-072x-5-59

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…13 In contrast, a positive association was reported between a Black-White segregation and crime index and higher risk of self-reported cancer, 16 and no association was observed between Black population density and prostate cancer incidence in Connecticut and Massachusetts. 17 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic density and cancer: A review of the evidence

Fang

Tseng

2018

Cancer

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Accumulating data suggest that factors in the social environment may be associated with cancer-related outcomes. Ethnic density, defined as the proportion of racial/ethnic minority individuals residing in a given geographic area, is 1 of the most frequently studied social environment factors, but studies on ethnic density and cancer have yielded inconsistent findings. Thus, the objective of the current review was to summarize the extant data on ethnic density and cancer-related outcomes (cancer risk, stage at diagnosis, and mortality) with the aim of identifying pathways by which ethnic density may contribute to outcomes across populations. In general, the findings indicated an association between ethnic density and increased risk for cancers of infectious origin (eg, liver, cervical) but lower risk for breast and colorectal cancers, particularly among Hispanic and Asian Americans. Hispanic ethnic density was associated with greater odds of late-stage cancer diagnosis, whereas black ethnic density was associated with greater mortality. In addition, this review highlights several methodological and conceptual issues surrounding the measurement of ethnic neighborhoods and their available resources. Clarifying the role of neighborhood ethnic density is critical to developing a greater understanding of the health risks and benefits accompanying these environments and how they may affect racial and ethnic disparities in cancer-related outcomes. Cancer 2018;124:1877-903. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic density and cancer: A review of the evidence

Fang

Tseng

2018

Cancer

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“…Several of these studies from the United States cite possible connections to the delivery of health services in that country. 18 - 23 SES is also associated with several environmental and lifestyle risk factors that may jointly impact the PCa burden. 20 , 24 Dietary elements such as animal fat have been thought to be involved in the incidence of PCa due to the high proportion of alpha-linolenic acid to linoleic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Gradients in Prostate Cancer Incidence Among Canadian Males: A Trend Analysis From 1992 to 2010

et al. 2021

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Introduction Understanding the effects of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and their trends over time will help inform public health interventions for cancer control. This study sought to investigate trends in socioeconomic inequalities in prostate cancer incidence among Canadian males. Methods Using a census division level dataset (n = 280) constructed from the Canadian Cancer Registry, Canadian Census of Population (1992, 1996, 2001, 2006) and 2011 National Household Survey, we examined the effect of socioeconomic status on prostate cancer incidence among Canadian males between 1992 and 2010. The age-adjusted concentration index was used to quantify education/income-related inequalities in prostate cancer incidence. Results The crude prostate cancer incidence increased from 115 to 137 per 100 000 males in Canada from 1992 to 2010 with a peak in 2007. The rate increased significantly in all but three of four western provinces. The age-adjusted concentration index showed a higher concentration of prostate cancer diagnoses among males living in high-income neighbourhoods in Canada in particular from 1996 to 2005. In contrast, the index was higher among males living in less-educated neighbourhoods in the most recent study years (2006–2010). Conclusions The concentration of new prostate cancer cases among high-income populations in Canada may be explained by the rise of opportunistic screening of asymptomatic males; however, this should be studied in further detail. Since we found a higher incidence rate of prostate cancer among less-educated males in Canada in recent years, risk-benefit investigation of primary prevention and opportunistic screening for less-educated males is advised.

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“…Notably, all of these studies were conducted within the United States and focused solely on racial/ethnic residential segregation at a single level, typically that of the city or higher (14–44). Among these studies, 18 focused on health care access, stage of diagnosis, screening, treatment, or survival (14–31), five on mortality (19,32–35), four on exposure to carcinogenic pollutants (36–39), one on tumor biomarkers (40), and only one on incidence (41). Compounding the invisibility of cancer risks associated with residential segregation, neither the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program nor the National Association of American Cancer Registries (NAACR) includes any measures of residential segregation among their public access place-based data, which are available only at the county level (45,46), and the only census tract data provided by SEER (by special request) is for a “socioeconomic status (SES) composite” variable (47).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cancer Incidence and Multilevel Measures of Residential Economic and Racial Segregation for Cancer Registries

Krieger

Feldman

Kim

et al. 2018

JNCI Cancer Spectrum

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Background The handful of studies (<30) on cancer and residential segregation have focused on racial segregation, primarily at the city/town level. We tested a priori hypotheses about choice of measure and level by extending use of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) to quantify both economic and racial residential segregation, singly and combined, and conducted analyses for the total population and stratified by race/ethnicity. Methods Outcomes comprised Massachusetts incidence rates (2010–2014) for invasive breast, cervical, and lung cancer, analyzed in relation to census tract and city/town ICE measures for income, race/ethnicity, race/ethnicity + income, and the federal poverty line. Multilevel Poisson regression modeled observed counts of incident cases. Results Both choice of metric and level mattered. As illustrated by cervical cancer, in models including both the census tract and city/town levels, the rate ratio for the worst to best quintile for the total population was greatest at the census tract level for the ICE for racialized economic segregation (3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1 to 4.3) and least for the poverty measure (1.9, 95% CI = 1.4 to 2.6), with null associations at the city/town level. In analogous models with both levels for lung cancer, however, for the non-Hispanic black and Hispanic populations, the rate ratios for, respectively, the ICE and poverty measures, were larger (and excluded 1) at the city/town compared with the census tract level. Conclusions Our study suggests that the ICE for racialized economic segregation, at multiple levels, can be used to improve monitoring and analysis of cancer inequities.

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Race-specific geography of prostate cancer incidence

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Ethnic density and cancer: A review of the evidence

Ethnic density and cancer: A review of the evidence

Socioeconomic Gradients in Prostate Cancer Incidence Among Canadian Males: A Trend Analysis From 1992 to 2010

Cancer Incidence and Multilevel Measures of Residential Economic and Racial Segregation for Cancer Registries

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