Race, Sex, and Perception of the Occupational Opportunity Structure among College Students

Turner, Barbara F.; Turner, Castellano B.

doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1975.tb00953.x

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…At a group level, African American and Latino/a students are more likely than European American students to report that other members of their own ethnic group experience discrimination . Additional work shows that African Americans are more likely than European Americans to perceive that Blacks in general, are discriminated against (Turner & Turner, 1975) and may be targeted by governmental conspiracies (Crocker, Luhtanen, Broadnax, & Blaine, 1999). Similar results have been found among Latinos (Penley, Gould, de la Vina, & Murphy, 1989).…”

Section: The Perception Of Ethnic Injustice As An Antecedent To Disensupporting

confidence: 59%

Coping With Ethnic Stereotypes in the Academic Domain: Perceived Injustice and Psychological Disengagement

Schmader

Major

Gramzow

2001

Journal of Social Issues

235

249

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Psychological disengagement is the defensive detachment of self-esteem from a particular domain. In the academic arena, disengagement can result from devaluing academic success or discounting the validity of academic outcomes. We review evidence for ethnic differences in these two processes of psychological disengagement and present results of a multiethnic study examining perceived ethnic injustice and academic performance as predictors of devaluing and discounting. Among African American students, beliefs about ethnic injustice (but not academic performance) predicted greater discounting and devaluing. Among European American students, poor academic performance (but not beliefs about ethnic injustice) predicted greater devaluing and discounting. Among Latino/a students, beliefs about ethnic injustice were associated with greater discounting, whereas poorer academic performance was associated with increased devaluing.

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Section: The Perception Of Ethnic Injustice As An Antecedent To Disensupporting

confidence: 59%

Coping With Ethnic Stereotypes in the Academic Domain: Perceived Injustice and Psychological Disengagement

Schmader

Major

Gramzow

2001

Journal of Social Issues

235

249

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the more interesting findings was the apparent contradiction for blacks between motherhood as the ideal female role (item 3) and the sanctioning of work as normatively appropriate for women with school age children (item 7). Similar findings have been noted by others (Gackenbach, 1978;Gump, 1975;Turner & Turner, 1975) and have been attributed to the relatively unfavorable social and economic conditions faced by black Americans. According to these researchers, long-standing racial discrimination in the labor market, especially against black men, has forced black women into the labor force.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Race and Sex Differences In Sex Role Attitudes of Southern College Students

Lyson

1986

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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A sample of southern college students is used to investigate race and sex differences among nine Likert‐type sex role attitudes. Results show that black and white men share a similar sex role orientation while black and white women also share a similar world view. There were only two instances where blacks were notably different from whites. First, blacks were more likely to feel that a woman's real fulfillment in life comes from motherhood, and second, blacks were more likely to feel that it was appropriate for a mother with school‐age children to work.

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“…These experiences of discrimination and job stress sometimes occur as a function of differential attitudes and expectations that Whites have regarding the skills, authority, and leadership abilities of African American women in the workplace (Adams, 1978;Dumas, 1979;Parker, 1976;Richards & Jaffe, 1972 (Dumas, 1979;Mays, 1995), less structural and informational support for career advancement and upward mobility (Edwards, 1980), and lack of control over their work environment (Ford, 1982). As studies have suggested that women's career aspirations can be influenced by their beliefs and expectations of opportunity (Evans & Heir, 1991;Smith, 1981;Turner & Turner, 1975), perceptions of racial-ethnic discrimination by African American women could potentially influence their entry into the labor force.This brief literature review suggests mat employment-related activities (e.g., labor force entry and participation rates, level of productivity, and occupational mobility) may be more than a simple function of structural variables and include perceptions and attitudes about the social system and immediate work environment. Because of the paucity of social psychological literature on Black women and their labor force experiences, many unanswered questions remain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived race-based discrimination, employment status, and job stress in a national sample of Black women: Implications for health outcomes.

Mays¹,

Coleman²,

Jackson³

1996

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology

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Previous research has not systematically examined the relationship of perceived race-based discriminations to labor force participation or job related stresses-problems experienced by Black women. The present study investigated the relative contributions of perceived race-based discriminations and sociodemographic characteristics to employment status and job stress in a national probability sample (the National Survey of Black Americans; J. S. Jackson, 1991) of Black women in the United States. Logit and polychotomous logistic regression analyses revealed that Black women's current employment status was best explained by sociodemographic measures. In contrast, the combination of perceived discrimination and sociodemographics differentially affects patterns of employment status and perceived job stress in the work environment of Black women. Implications of these findings for the health of African American women are discussed.As greater numbers of women maintain steady employment and move into nontraditional occupations, more attention is being paid to social and psychological effects resulting from their participation in the labor force. The impact of work on marriage, family, mental health status, life satisfaction, and, in particular, job-related stress has been an important area of study (Crohan, Antonnucci, Adelmann, & Coleman, 1989). Historically, Black 1 women have constituted a proportionally large share of the labor force (Evans & Herr, 1991;Malveaux & Wallace, 1987). Much of the research on working Black women, however, has concerned itself with objective labor market indices (e.g., rates of participation, occupation, and salary equity). Little research has examined the psychosocial aspects of perceptions of gender and race discrimination in the labor market experiences of Black women, particularly as they affect entry into the labor force, participation rates (employment status), and job stress in the work environment as a function of perceptions of racial-ethnic discrimination.Studies examining work and the quality of life consistently document the negative impact of work-related discrimination on women and ethnic group members (Ulbrich, Warheit, & Copyright 1996 by the Educational Publishing Foundation Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Vickie M. Mays, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563. Electronic mail may be sent via Internet to mays@psych.sscnet.ucla.edu. 1 The terms African American and Black are used interchangeably throughout this article to refer to Americans who share a common ancestral descent from people historically indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript J Occup Health Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 June 13.Published in final edited form as:J Occup Health Psychol. 1996 July ; 1(3): 319-329. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript Zimmerman, 1989). Disparities between the occupational ...

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Race, Sex, and Perception of the Occupational Opportunity Structure among College Students

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Coping With Ethnic Stereotypes in the Academic Domain: Perceived Injustice and Psychological Disengagement

Coping With Ethnic Stereotypes in the Academic Domain: Perceived Injustice and Psychological Disengagement

Race and Sex Differences In Sex Role Attitudes of Southern College Students

Perceived race-based discrimination, employment status, and job stress in a national sample of Black women: Implications for health outcomes.

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