Race moderates the association of perceived everyday discrimination and hair cortisol concentration

Lehrer, H. Matthew; Goosby, Bridget J.; Dubois, Susan K.; Steinhardt, M

doi:10.1080/10253890.2019.1710487

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Black/African American youth had higher salivary and hair cortisol concentration and increased odds of salivary shedding of EBV DNA compared to their White peers. Our findings are consistent with prior research documenting racial inequities in physiological stress and immune function (DeSantis et al, 2007, 2015; Dowd et al, 2014; Ford & Stowe, 2013; Lehrer et al, 2020; Tackett et al, 2017; Wosu et al, 2015) and provide novel contributions of robust Black–White differences across multiple stress biomarkers among the adolescents in this study. Notably, extant research documents how dysregulation of the HPA axis and the immune response are associated with numerous poor health outcomes (Adam et al, 2017; Longnecker & Neipel, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Prior research supports this line of inquiry as Black/African American youth and adults are more likely than their White counterparts to experience dysregulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Specifically, researchers have found Black/African American youth and adults are more likely than White youth and adults to experience blunted salivary cortisol diurnal rhythm and elevated cortisol concentration at bedtime (Deer et al, 2018;DeSantis et al, 2007DeSantis et al, , 2015, decreased morning salivary cortisol concentration (Martin et al, 2012), increased salivary cortisol reactivity with delayed recovery in response to an experimental social stress test (Tackett et al, 2017), and, more recently, elevated hair cortisol concentration (Lehrer et al, 2020;Wosu et al, 2015). Although longitudinal studies investigating the effects of HPA dysfunction on long-term health outcomes are limited, a recent meta-analysis found robust prospective and cross-sectional associations between blunting of the salivary diurnal curve and impaired physical (e.g., immune and inflammatory diseases, cancer, body mass index/obesity, mortality) and mental health (e.g., depression; Adam et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Racial and Economic Adversity Differences in Stress Markers and Immune Function Among Urban Adolescents

et al. 2021

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Background: Exposure to racism and associated adversities, such as poverty, is hypothesized to contribute to racial inequities in health via stress and immune pathways. Furthermore, the effects of adversity may be more salient during sensitive developmental periods. Our study examined racial differences in stress and immune biomarkers during adolescence and the effects of exposure to economic adversity at distinct developmental time periods and cumulatively in accounting for potential racial differences.Methods: Secondary analysis of the Adolescent Health and Development in Context study was conducted. Data were derived from self-administered surveys; interviews; smartphone-based, geographic-explicit ecological momentary assessment; stress biomarkers (evening salivary cortisol over six nights and hair cortisol); and immune biomarkers (salivary shedding of Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] DNA among EBV-positive adolescents). Current socioeconomic status measures included annual household income and caregiver education. Caregivers also reported experiences of bankruptcy, difficulty paying bills, receipt of food stamps/ Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program/electronic benefit transfer, and job loss when the child was of ages birth-5 years, 6-10 years, and 11 years or older. An affirmative response to any item was defined as exposure to economic adversity for that developmental time period (yes/no). A cumulative economic adversity measure was calculated as the sum of exposures across developmental periods (0 = never exposed to 3 = exposed across all time periods). Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were conducted, accounting for covariates.Results: Black/African American adolescents had higher salivary cortisol concentration, higher hair cortisol concentration, and an increased odd of salivary shedding of EBV DNA compared to White adolescents. Racial differences were not attenuated by the current socioeconomic status or economic adversity (developmental period or cumulatively).Discussion: Our study provides evidence that stress and immune biomarkers differ by race as early as adolescence and may be one pathway through which racism and associated adversities contribute to racial health inequities. Further research on the contribution of multiple adversities beyond poverty to racial inequities in physiological stress and health is critical for informing effective prevention and intervention efforts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

Racial and Economic Adversity Differences in Stress Markers and Immune Function Among Urban Adolescents

et al. 2021

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“…The literature search identified 1017 unique citation titles of which a total of 120 studies 5,13,14,16,19,30,33–146 comprising 146 separate cohorts were included (Figure 1). This corresponds to a total of 34,342 included participants of which 15,698 (46%) were sampled from general population‐based studies (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature search identified 1017 unique citation titles of which a total of 120 studies 5 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 19 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ,…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Cross‐sectional relation of long‐term glucocorticoids in hair with anthropometric measurements and their possible determinants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2021

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Summary Background Long‐term glucocorticoids (HairGC) measured in scalp hair have been associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist‐hip‐ratio (WHR) in several cross‐sectional studies. We aimed to investigate the magnitude, strength, and clinical relevance of these relations across all ages. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42020205187) searching for articles relating HairGC to measures of obesity. Main outcomes were bivariate correlation coefficients and unadjusted simple linear regression coefficients relating hair cortisol (HairF) and hair cortisone (HairE) to BMI, WC, and WHR. Results We included k = 146 cohorts (n = 34,342 individuals). HairGC were positively related to all anthropometric measurements. The strongest correlation and largest effect size were seen for HairE‐WC: pooled correlation 0.18 (95%CI 0.11–0.24; k = 7; n = 3,158; I2 = 45.7%) and pooled regression coefficient 11.0 cm increase in WC per point increase in 10‐log‐transformed HairE (pg/mg) on liquid‐chromatography‐(tandem) mass spectrometry (LC–MS) (95%CI 10.1–11.9 cm; k = 6; n = 3,102). Pooled correlation for HairF‐BMI was 0.10 (95%CI 0.08–0.13; k = 122; n = 26,527; I2 = 51.2%) and pooled regression coefficient 0.049 kg/m2 per point increase in 10‐log‐transformed HairF (pg/mg) on LC–MS (95%CI 0.045–0.054 kg/m2; k = 26; n = 11,635). Discussion There is a consistent positive association between HairGC and BMI, WC, and WHR, most prominently and clinically relevant for HairE‐WC. These findings overall suggest an altered setpoint of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis with increasing central adiposity.

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“…While symptoms of depression and anxiety are typically among the first observable sequelae of chronic stress, the prevalence of acute respiratory illness, pain, or fatigue is also likely to increase over time as functioning of the immune, cardiovascular, and other peripheral systems of the body divert their energy toward meeting the demands of facing chronic stigma-related stressors (Ganzel et al, 2010). These findings, therefore, raise the intriguing possibility that multiple stigmas could also be linked to greater physiological accommodation by the limbic and peripheral systems of the body as evidenced by biomarkers of chronic stress (e.g., hair cortisol; Lehrer et al, 2020) or accelerated ageing (telomere length; Sullivan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple stigmas and magnitudes of illness symptoms: Who bears the most burden?

Chaudoir¹

2023

Stigma and Health

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Despite the ascendancy of intersectionality, the preponderance of quantitative research in psychology has continued to examine links between stigma and illness symptoms with methodological approaches that examine only one or two identities while ignoring other relevant social categories. The present study deploys intersectional approaches to estimate the stigma-illness link among those living with multiple concealable stigmatized identities. In a convenience sample of 1,450 college-aged emerging adults, we found that those living with one or more concealable stigmatized identities reported greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and physical illness than those living without stigmas. Of the subgroup reporting one or more concealable stigmatized identities, number of stigmas predicted greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and physical illness while accounting for the severity of stigma-related cultural-level conditions and individual-level stress exposures. These results suggest that individuals living in multiply marginalized social positions may bear more of the illness-generating effects of marginalization.

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Race moderates the association of perceived everyday discrimination and hair cortisol concentration

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Racial and Economic Adversity Differences in Stress Markers and Immune Function Among Urban Adolescents

Racial and Economic Adversity Differences in Stress Markers and Immune Function Among Urban Adolescents

Cross‐sectional relation of long‐term glucocorticoids in hair with anthropometric measurements and their possible determinants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Multiple stigmas and magnitudes of illness symptoms: Who bears the most burden?

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