Race, gender, and risk perceptions of the legal consequences of drinking and driving

Sloan, Frank A.; Chepke, Lindsey M.; Davis, Dontrell V.

doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2013.01.007

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…argue that Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) narrow interpretative framework fails to acknowledge that the lived racial experiences of Blacks contributes to the diminishment of their self-control. Unnever and Gabbidon assert that Blacks' reservoir of resources is constantly taxed and continually depleted because they have to cope with the profound (e.g., experiencing a criminal justice injustice such as ''driving while Black''; Sloan, Chepke, & Davis, 2013) and nuanced consequences of ''everyday racism'' or racist ''microaggressions'' (i.e., mundane daily practices that intentionally or unintentionally convey disregard, disrespect, or marginality), which in turn diminishes their ability to exercise self-control (Deitch et al, 2003;Sellers, Copeland-Linder, Martin, & Lewis, 2006).…”

Section: Stereotypes and Black Offendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theory of African American Offending

Unnever

2014

Race and Justice

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Analyzing the National Survey of American Life, which includes 3,570 Blacks, this research is the first to test core hypotheses of Unnever and Gabbidon’s Theory of African American Offending. A core assertion of Unnever and Gabbidon’s theory, which specifically and only focuses on Blacks, is that their offending is associated with the degree to which they encounter racial injustices. This article focuses on two forms of racial injustice that are prominently highlighted by Unnever and Gabbidon—racial discrimination and racist stereotypes. The results reveal that Blacks who experience racial discrimination and “buy into” the pejorative stereotype that they are violent are more likely to offend, as they experience heightened states of low self-control, anger, and depression. The data also show that experiences with racial injustices increase the likelihood that Blacks will become dependent on substances/alcohol. These findings were generated while including other correlates of arrests, including demographic characteristics, whether Blacks identify with other Blacks, the number of relatives in jail or prison, and strength of family bonds. The theoretical importance of these findings is discussed.

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Section: Stereotypes and Black Offendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theory of African American Offending

Unnever

2014

Race and Justice

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“…However, an experiment on providing information to drivers going to Mexico for the night through a “Know Your Limit” card did not reduce BACs measured on their return to the US; however, reminding drivers about the risks of DUI did lower returning BACs, 26 suggesting that avoidance of penalties was more important than errors in tracking intake. Conversely, a recent survey of drivers who drink conducted in four areas found that black males overestimated the probability of being stopped and overestimated jail sentences for a DUI conviction, 27 suggesting the importance of alternative strategies for further reducing DUI events for this group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Self-Reported Number of Drinks in 2 Hours Before Driving Becomes Impaired

Kerr

Greenfield²

2015

Am J Public Health

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Objectives Studies of racial/ethnic disparities in driving under the influence (DUI) prevalence have not found a clear pattern of differences. This study utilizes data on self-reported impaired driving and the number of drinks the person states they can have in 2 hours before impairment to evaluate predictors of individuals’ impairment thresholds. Methods Data come from the 2000, 2005 and 2010 US National Alcohol Surveys with over-samples of black and Hispanic populations. Negative binomial models were estimated overall, by gender and for those who reported impaired driving. Analyses focus primarily on 8,553 respondents who drank alcohol and drove a car in the past year. Results Models controlling for relevant available measures including bodyweight, socio-demographics and drinking patterns found impairment thresholds to be 30.3% (95% CI: 23%–38%) higher for black drinkers and 26.3% (95% CI: 18%–35%) higher for Hispanic drinkers as compared to white drinkers. Conclusions The greater number of standard drinks before perceived impairment reported by black and Hispanic drivers implies a likely relative under-report of impaired driving and potentially higher severity of impairment when driving relative to whites.

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“…Married drivers have not only less tendency to drive fast or violate the law compared to single drivers in dry weather but are also less susceptible to these actions during rains. Although there is limited literature relating marital status to driving violations, it seems that single drivers are more prone to express risky behaviours like high velocity and violations [39,40]. e differences between single and married drivers can be due to social or psychological indicators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Rainy Weather Effects on Driving Behaviour Dimensions of Driving Behaviour Questionnaire

Bakhshi

Aghabayk

Parishad

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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This study aims to develop a modified version of the existing driving behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) by including items related to driving behaviour under rainy conditions to evaluate driving behaviour changes and their implications. A survey of 680 drivers in Iran was conducted with the modified DBQ considering rainy conditions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis concluded a four-factor solution (high velocity with a law violation, slips, positive and cautious behaviours, and aggressive driving behaviours) with a 52% explanation of variance. One of the most affected driving behaviours during rainfall is the tendency of high velocity with law violation behaviours. Compared to male drivers, female drivers showed lower high-velocity behaviours with law violation when driving in dry weather and in rainy weather. Married drivers have not only less tendency to drive fast or violate the law compared to single drivers but are also less susceptible to these actions during rain. It was observed that young drivers under 25 did not change their aggressive driving behaviours in rainy conditions. The results from this study are valuable resources to help transportation agencies to understand drivers’ likely behaviour in rainy conditions and develop appropriate countermeasures to minimize the risky behaviours. Also, since aggressive driving, high acceleration, and speed variance have been reported to result in high fuel consumption and emissions, the findings from this study are valuable resources to understand the relationship between weather, driver behaviour, and emissions in future studies.

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Race, gender, and risk perceptions of the legal consequences of drinking and driving

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

A Theory of African American Offending

A Theory of African American Offending

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Self-Reported Number of Drinks in 2 Hours Before Driving Becomes Impaired

Evaluating Rainy Weather Effects on Driving Behaviour Dimensions of Driving Behaviour Questionnaire

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