Race/ethnicity, social class and their relation to physical inactivity during leisure time: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

Crespo, Carlos; Smit, Ellen; Andersen, Ross E.; Carter‐Pokras, Olivia; Ainsworth, Barbara E.

doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00105-1

Cited by 489 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Documentation of these social determinants and resulting health inequities can help to identify the obstacles that need to be overcome and to place greater emphasis on groups previously marginalized 68. For example, sufficient scientific evidence exists that, compared with non‐Hispanic white women, Hispanic and non‐Hispanic black women more often develop stroke risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus and frequently report physical inactivity 1, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. Additionally, evidence exists that compared with non‐Hispanic whites, breastfeeding that is less than the recommended duration of 6 months is associated with a greater burden of disease among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic black women and their children 69, 70.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stroke is higher among Hispanics and non‐Hispanic blacks compared with non‐Hispanic whites 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18. Hispanic and non‐Hispanic black women are at higher risk of stroke, partially due to increased rates of hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and physical inactivity,1, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 which are a few stroke risk factors. Research is needed to address this health disparity and to reduce disproportionate morbidity from stroke among racially and ethnically diverse populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breastfeeding History and Risk of Stroke Among Parous Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative

Jacobson

Hade

Collins

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundStroke is the third leading cause of death among US Hispanic and non‐Hispanic black women aged 65 and older. One factor that may protect against stroke is breastfeeding. Few studies have assessed the association between breastfeeding and stroke and whether this association differs by race and ethnicity.Methods and ResultsData were taken from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study with follow‐up through 2010; adjusted hazard ratios for stroke subsequent to childbirth were estimated with Cox regression models accounting for left and right censoring, overall and stratified by race/ethnicity. Of the 80 191 parous women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, 2699 (3.4%) had experienced a stroke within a follow‐up period of 12.6 years. The average age was 63.7 years at baseline. Fifty‐eight percent (n=46 699) reported ever breastfeeding; 83% were non‐Hispanic white, 8% were non‐Hispanic black, 4% were Hispanic, and 5% were of other race/ethnicity. After adjustment for nonmodifiable potential confounders, compared with women who had never breastfed, women who reported ever breastfeeding had a 23% lower risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio=0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.70‐0.83). This association was strongest for non‐Hispanic black women (adjusted hazard ratio=0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.37‐0.71). Further, breastfeeding for a relatively short duration (1‐6 months) was associated with a 19% lower risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratios=0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.74‐0.89). This association appeared stronger with longer breastfeeding duration and among non‐Hispanic white and non‐Hispanic black women (test for trend P<0.01).ConclusionsStudy results show an association and dose‐response relationship between breastfeeding and lower risk of stroke among postmenopausal women after adjustment for multiple stroke risk factors and lifestyle variables. Further investigation is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding History and Risk of Stroke Among Parous Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative

Jacobson

Hade

Collins

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…For example, a number of demographic factors are related to physical activity. Lower physical activity levels have been reported for both African Americans and Hispanics as compared with Caucasians (Crespo, Smit, Anderson, Carter-Pokras, & Ainsworth, 2000). Higher socioeconomic status (education and income) may be associated with higher physical activity levels (Barnes & Schoenborn, 2003), but less so in African Americans and Mexican Americans than in Caucasians (Crespo et al, 2000).…”

Section: Healthy People 2010 (Us Department Of Health and Human Servimentioning

confidence: 99%

Social-cognitive determinants of physical activity: The influence of social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation among participants in a church-based health promotion study.

Anderson¹,

Wojcik²,

Winett³

et al. 2006

Health Psychology

355

317

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A social-cognitive model of physical activity was tested, using structural equation analysis of data from 999 adults (21% African American; 66% female; 38% inactive) recruited from 14 southwestern Virginia churches participating in the baseline phase of a health promotion study. Within the model, age, race, social support, self-efficacy, and self-regulation contributed to participants' physical activity levels, but outcome expectations did not. Of the social-cognitive variables, self-regulation exerted the strongest effect on physical activity. Independent of self-regulation, self-efficacy had little effect. Social support influenced physical activity as a direct precursor to self-efficacy and self-regulation. The model provided a good fit to the data and explained 46% of the variance in physical activity among the diverse group of adults.

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“…However, fewer than half of adults meet these guidelines [2]. These rates are disproportionately lower among disadvantaged populations including racial and ethnic minorities and those living in poverty, the very individuals who stand the most to gain from increasing their levels of activity [3].…”

Section: Exercise Programs Serious Mental Illness Health Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving access to exercise training programs for patients with serious mental illness

Druss

2016

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Race/ethnicity, social class and their relation to physical inactivity during leisure time: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

Cited by 489 publications

References 21 publications

Breastfeeding History and Risk of Stroke Among Parous Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative

Breastfeeding History and Risk of Stroke Among Parous Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative

Social-cognitive determinants of physical activity: The influence of social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation among participants in a church-based health promotion study.

Improving access to exercise training programs for patients with serious mental illness

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