Race/ethnicity and the 2000 census: recommendations for African American and other black populations in the United States

Williams, David R.; Jackson, James S.

doi:10.2105/ajph.90.11.1728

Cited by 127 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…46 Heterogeneous cultural backgrounds of multiple-race individuals emphasize the need for multi-disciplinary approaches to disentangle cultural-related factors that can guide prevention and treatment. 12,14,47 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Variations in Substance-Related Disorders Among Adolescents in the United States

Woody

Yang

et al. 2011

Arch Gen Psychiatry

190

136

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Context While young racial/ethnic groups are the fastest growing population in the United States, data on alcohol and drug use disorders among adolescents of various racial/ethnic backgrounds are lacking. Objective To examine the magnitude of past-year Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV substance use disorders (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, analgesic opioids, stimulants, sedatives, tranquilizers) among whites, Hispanics, African Americans, Native Americans, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and multiple-race adolescents. Design 2005–2008 National Surveys of Drug Use and Health. Setting Non institutionalized, household adolescents aged 12–17 years. Main Measures Substance use disorders were assessed by standardized survey questions administered by the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing method. Results Of all adolescents aged 12–17 (N=72,561), 37% used alcohol or drugs in the past year; 8% met criteria for an alcohol or drug use disorder, with Native Americans having the highest prevalence of use (48%) and disorder (15%). Analgesic opioids were the second most commonly used illegal drugs in all racial/ethnic groups, following marijuana; opioid use was comparatively prevalent among Native Americans (10%) and multiple-race adolescents (9%). Among past-year alcohol or drug users (n=27,705), Native Americans (32%), multiple-race adolescents (25%), whites (23%), and Hispanics (21%) had the highest rates of alcohol or drug use disorders. Marijuana was used by adolescents more frequently than alcohol or other drugs, and 26% of marijuana users met criteria for marijuana abuse/dependence. Controlling for adolescents’ age, socioeconomic variables, population density of residence, self-rated health, and survey year, adjusted analyses of adolescent substance users indicated elevated odds of having alcohol and drug use disorders among Native Americans, multiple-race adolescents, whites, and Hispanics compared with African Americans; the latter group did not differ from Asians/Pacific Islanders. Conclusions Substance use is widespread among Native-American, multiple-race, white, and Hispanic adolescents. These groups also are disproportionately affected by alcohol and drug use disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Variations in Substance-Related Disorders Among Adolescents in the United States

Woody

Yang

et al. 2011

Arch Gen Psychiatry

190

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[15][16][17] Race is a social classification assigned to people based on physical appearance. 18,19 While ethnicity is a social classification based on shared cultural values, meanings, customs; ethnicity is usually self-claimed or developed in relation to feelings of belonging to a chosen community.…”

Section: Disentangling Race and Ethnicity In Health Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic Health in African Immigrants to the United States: A Call to Re-examine Research on African-descent Populations

et al. 2015

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In the 20th century, Africans in Sub-Saharan Africa had lower rates of cardiometabolic disease than Africans who migrated. However, in the 21st century, beyond infectious diseases, the triple epidemics of obesity, diabetes and hypertension have taken hold in Africa. Therefore, Africans are acquiring these chronic diseases at different rates and different intensity prior to migration. To ensure optimal care and health outcomes, the United States practice of grouping all African-descent populations into the “Black/ African American” category without regard to country of origin masks socioeconomic and cultural differences and needs re-evaluation. Overall, research on African-descent populations would benefit from a shift from a racial to an ethnic perspective. To demonstrate the value of disaggregating data on African-descent populations, the epidemiologic transition, social, economic, and health characteristics of African immigrants are presented. Ethn Dis. 2015;25(3):373- 380.

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“…[ 1 ] Another possible reason is that, Under-Five Mortality (U5M) is high among HFKS and Muslim mothers than any other category of women in Nigeria. [ 5 , 12 , 17 , 30 ] The cultural attempts to replace children who died before age five discourage the use of family planning methods. It must be noted, however, that variations in the association between ethnicity and religion was still significant, even after controlling for some cofounding socioeconomic and demographic variables.…”

Section: Summary Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion, Ethnicity and Contraceptive Use among Reproductive age Women in Nigeria

Obasohan¹

2014

Int. J. MCH AIDS

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Background:Religion and Ethnicity are the two most important factors that shape the behavioral pattern especially health seeking behaviors of the people of Nigeria. This study seeks to examine the mediatory effects of the linkage between ethnicity and religion with selected socio-demographic variables on the current use of contraception (CUC) among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.Methods:Nationally representative sample of 39,948 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was used. Chi-square was used to analyze the bivariate relationship between exposure variables and CUC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio with the 95% confidence interval.Results:The prevalence of CUC was generally low for women of reproductive age in Nigeria, highest among the Yoruba women and lowest among the Hausa/Fulani/Kanuri/Seriberi (HFKS) women; highest among other Christian women and lowest for Muslim women and highest for Yoruba/other religion and lowest for women of Hausa/Fulani/Kanuri/Seriberi/Islam. The odds ratios showed that disparity across ethno-religious boundaries is significant.Conclusions and Global Health Implications:Globally, and especially in sub-Saharan African countries, maternal mortality resulting from the abortion of unintended pregnancies pose a major challenge in health delivery system. In Nigeria, a cultural and religious heterogeneous society, current use of contraceptives by women of reproductive age is found not to be a matter of independent effects of ethnicity, religiosity and other socio-demographic variables but also dependent on the effects of interactions between the ethnicity and religion.

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Race/ethnicity and the 2000 census: recommendations for African American and other black populations in the United States

Cited by 127 publications

References 22 publications

Racial/Ethnic Variations in Substance-Related Disorders Among Adolescents in the United States

Racial/Ethnic Variations in Substance-Related Disorders Among Adolescents in the United States

Cardiometabolic Health in African Immigrants to the United States: A Call to Re-examine Research on African-descent Populations

Religion, Ethnicity and Contraceptive Use among Reproductive age Women in Nigeria

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