Race/Ethnicity and Hypertension: The Role of Social Support

Bell, Caryn N.; Thorpe, Roland J.; LaVeist, Thomas A.

doi:10.1038/ajh.2010.28

Cited by 86 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Despite the predisposing factors in hypertension such as education, BMI, physical activities observed largely among Hispanic ethnicity, hypertension prevalence was lowest among Hispanics. e observed lowest prevalence in HTN may be explained by the "Hispanic Paradox" which claims the role of family support system in buffering stress, thus decreasing blood pressure through arterial relaxation and the reduction in the catecholamine synthesis (norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine) [28]. e results from this study is indicative of the persistent racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension prevalence and the factors that predispose to hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…e etiology of hypertension is multifactorial and incidence, prevalence and mortality vary by race/ethnicity [5][6][7]. A study has shown that the age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension by race, in the year [2003][2004], among the United States residents of age 20 years or older was 39.1% non-Hispanic Black, 28.5% non-Hispanic White, and 27.8% Hispanic, while age-unadjusted prevalence rate was 34.4%, 30.3%, and 16.9% for three racial groups, respectively [8]. However, it is not fully understood whether the observed variance is due to race or other factors associated with race or hypertensive risk factors per se.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial/Ethnic Variability in Hypertension Prevalence and Risk Factors in National Health Interview Survey

et al. 2013

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Objective. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death attributed to cardiovascular diseases, and the prevalence varies across racial/ethnic groups, with African Americans being disproportionately affected. e underlying causes of these disparities are not fully understood despite volume of literature in this perspective. We aimed in this current study to examine ethnic/racial disparities in hypertension utilizing Hispanics as the base racial/ethnic group for comparison. Research Design and Methods. We utilized the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which is a large cross-sectional survey of the United States non-institutionalized residents to investigate the racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension aer the adjustment of other socio-economic, demographic, and prognostic risk factors. e study participants were adults (n = 30,852). Data were analyzed using Chi square statistic, and logistic regression model. Results. ere were statistically signi�cant differences by race/ethnicity with respect to income, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol, physical activities, body mass index, and age, P < 0.01, but not insurance coverage, P > 0.01. Hispanic ethnicity (18.9%) compared to either non-Hispanic White (27.7%) or non-Hispanic Black (35.5%) was associated with the lowest prevalence of hypertension. Race/ethnicity was a single independent predictor of hypertension, with non-Hispanic Black more likely to be hypertensive compare with Hispanic, prevalence odds ratio (POR), 2.38, 99% Con�dence Interval (CI), 2.17-2.61 and non-Hispanic White, POR, 1.64, 99% CI, 1.52-1.77. Aer controlling for the confounding variables, the racial/ethnic differences in hypertension persisted. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension persisted aer controlling for potential predictors of hypertension in NHIS, implying the inability of known hypertension risk factors to account for racial/ethnic variability in hypertension in US.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Variability in Hypertension Prevalence and Risk Factors in National Health Interview Survey

et al. 2013

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“…That is, living in postcode sectors with lower levels of lack of fairness may enhance the likelihood of accessing various forms of support, which protects against stressful events. 11 As recently emphasized, 12 there may be beneficial effects of social support on hypertension. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify more comprehensive understanding of the effects of social capital and social support on blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contributions of Social Context to Blood Pressure: Findings From a Multilevel Analysis of Social Capital and Systolic Blood Pressure

Hamano

Fujisawa

Yamasaki

et al. 2011

American Journal of Hypertension

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To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the association between social capital and systolic blood pressure by using a multilevel methodological framework. Surprisingly, we found that lack of fairness had a strong effect on systolic blood pressure. However, we could not find any significant associations between other items of social capital and systolic blood pressure. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism by which lack of fairness may have an effect on systolic blood pressure.

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“…Social support and integration have been linked to hypertension rates (see review by Uchino et al 1996;Bell et al 2010), although studies suggest that aspects of both influence hypertension through psychological well-being (Bosworth et al 2003;Gorman and Sivaganesan 2007).…”

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Social Networks and Support, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hypertension Among Older Adults

Gorman

Porter

2011

Popul Res Policy Rev

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Using data from the 2001 NHIS and the -2006 we examine how self-reporting a previous diagnosis of hypertension among adults aged 65? differs by race/ethnicity for men and women; we explore the extent to which disparities are driven by group differences in social risk factors, particularly social support and integration; and last, whether these relationships mimic patterns seen for measured hypertension at interview. Findings indicate that rates of ever-diagnosed hypertension in both samples are highest among black seniors and older women and lowest among Mexican-American men, with the gender gap lowest among whites and substantially higher among blacks and Mexican-Americans. However, replication analyses of NHANES models using measured hypertension, instead of a self-report of having ever been diagnosed with hypertension, suggests that reporting bias and measurement error contribute to observed disparities, as racial/ethnic differences in hypertension rates are smaller when measured hypertension is examined, especially among women. Logistic regression models also show that while adjusting for group differences in measures of support and integration mediates some of the disparity in measured hypertension between Mexican-American and white seniors, adjusting for support and integration amplifies black-white disparities in both ever diagnosed and measured hypertension-driven primarily by adjustment for attendance at religious services, which reduces hypertension risk for all older adults but is more commonly reported among black seniors, especially women.

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Race/Ethnicity and Hypertension: The Role of Social Support

Cited by 86 publications

References 36 publications

Racial/Ethnic Variability in Hypertension Prevalence and Risk Factors in National Health Interview Survey

Racial/Ethnic Variability in Hypertension Prevalence and Risk Factors in National Health Interview Survey

Contributions of Social Context to Blood Pressure: Findings From a Multilevel Analysis of Social Capital and Systolic Blood Pressure

Social Networks and Support, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hypertension Among Older Adults

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