Race Coding and the Other-Race Effect in Face Recognition

Rhodes, Gillian; Locke, Vance; Ewing, Louise; Evangelista, Emma

doi:10.1068/p6110

Cited by 89 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In the exposure task, faces were presented for 5 s after a white fixation cross was presented for 500 ms. Participants were asked to rate the faces as pleasant or unpleasant as soon as the face disappeared from the screen (Rhodes, Locke, Ewing, & Evangelista, 2009;Sporer, 1991). Participants were instructed to be as fast and as accurate as possible with their judgment and were not told about the subsequent assessment of recognition memory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face age and sex modulate the other-race effect in face recognition

Wallis

Lipp

Vanman

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Faces convey a variety of socially relevant cues that have been shown to affect recognition, such as age, sex, and race, but few studies have examined the interactive effect of these cues. White participants of two distinct age groups were presented with faces that differed in race, age, and sex in a face recognition paradigm. Replicating the other-race effect, young participants recognized young own-race faces better than young other-race faces. However, recognition performance did not differ across old faces of different races (Experiments 1, 2A). In addition, participants showed an other-age effect, recognizing White young faces better than White old faces. Sex affected recognition performance only when age was not varied (Experiment 2B). Overall, older participants showed a similar recognition pattern (Experiment 3) as young participants, displaying an other-race effect for young, but not old, faces. However, they recognized young and old White faces on a similar level. These findings indicate that face cues interact to affect recognition performance such that age and sex information reliably modulate the effect of race cues. These results extend accounts of face recognition that explain recognition biases (such as the other-race effect) as a function of dichotomous ingroup/outgroup categorization, in that outgroup characteristics are not simply additive but interactively determine recognition performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face age and sex modulate the other-race effect in face recognition

Wallis

Lipp

Vanman

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Originally associated with faces, holistic processing has since been reported for other categories of perceptual expertise (Bukach & Peissig, 2009; but see also Robbins & McKone, 2007). Further, holistic processing effects are stronger for face categories that have acquired familiarity through experience, including race (Rhodes, Locke, Ewing, & Evangelista, 2009), age (de Heering, Houthuys, & Rossion, 2007), and personal significance (e.g., celebrities; Harris and Aguirre (2008a)). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic processing for bodies and body parts: New evidence from stereoscopic depth manipulations

2016

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Although holistic processing has been documented extensively for upright faces, it is unclear whether it occurs for other visual categories with more extensive substructure, such as body postures. Like faces, body postures have high social relevance, but they differ in having fine-grain organization not only of basic parts (e.g., arm) but also subparts (e.g., elbow, wrist, hand). To compare holistic processing for whole bodies and body parts, we employed a novel stereoscopic depth manipulation that creates either the percept of a whole body occluded by a set of bars, or of segments of a body floating in front of a background. Despite sharing low-level visual properties, only the stimulus perceived as being behind bars should be holistically Bfilled in^via amodal completion. In two experiments, we tested for better identification of individual body parts within the context of a body versus in isolation. Consistent with previous findings, recognition of body parts was better in the context of a whole body when the body was amodally completed behind occluders. However, when the same bodies were perceived as floating in strips, performance was significantly worse, and not significantly different, from that for amodally completed parts, supporting holistic processing of body postures. Intriguingly, performance was worst for parts in the frontal depth condition, suggesting that these effects may extend from gross body organization to a more local level. These results provide suggestive evidence that holistic representations may not be Ball-or-none,^but rather also operate on body regions of more limited spatial extent.

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“…When processing ingroup faces, they propose that people will focus on specific features that can differentiate among category members (Hugenberg, Miller, & Claypool, 2007;Hugenberg & Sacco, 2008;Hugenberg et al, 2010;Pauker et al, 2009;Rhodes, Locke, Ewing, & Evangelista, 2009). Alternatively, when processing outgroup faces, they propose that people will focus on shared categorical features.…”

Section: Preferential Attention To the Eyes Of Ingroup Members 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

An eye for the I: Preferential attention to the eyes of ingroup members.

Kawakami¹,

Williams²,

Sidhu³

et al. 2014

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

133

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Human faces, and more specifically the eyes, play a crucial role in social and nonverbal communication because they signal valuable information about others. It is therefore surprising that few studies have investigated the impact of intergroup contexts and motivations on attention to the eyes of ingroup and outgroup members. Four experiments investigated differences in eye gaze to racial and novel ingroups using eye tracker technology. Whereas Studies 1 and 3 demonstrated that White participants attended more to the eyes of White compared to Black targets, Study 2 showed a similar pattern of attention to the eyes of novel ingroup and outgroup faces. Studies 3 and 4 also provided new evidence that eye gaze is flexible and can be meaningfully influenced by current motivations. Specifically, instructions to individuate specific social categories increased attention to the eyes of target group members. Furthermore, the latter experiments demonstrated that preferential attention to the eyes of ingroup members predicted important intergroup biases such as recognition of ingroup over outgroup faces (i.e., the Own Race Bias; Study 3) and willingness to interact with outgroup members (Study 4). The implication of these findings for general theorizing on face perception, individuation processes, and intergroup relations are discussed.Keywords: intergroup bias, social categorization, individuation, prejudice, Own Race Bias, face perception, social vision PREFERENTIAL ATTENTION TO THE EYES OF INGROUP MEMBERS 3An Eye for the I: Preferential Attention to the Eyes of Ingroup MembersThe human face is arguably the most important of all social stimuli because it is such a rich source of information. Faces, and more specifically the eyes, play crucial roles in social and nonverbal communication, signaling valuable information about others (Adams & Kleck, 2003Niedenthal, Mermillod, Maringer, & Hess, 2010). Despite the key role that the eyes play in social cognition, few studies have investigated the impact of intergroup contexts and motivation on attention to the eyes of ingroup and outgroup members. Although research has convincingly demonstrated that perceivers are better at understanding and extracting information from faces that belong to ingroups relative to outgroups (Adams, Franklin, Nelson, & Stevenson, 2010;Chiao et al., 2008;, it remains unclear how people process faces from their own and other categories and whether distinct patterns of attention to specific facial features exist for these groups.The current research seeks to address this gap directly. To this end, we first provide a general review of the literature regarding the central role of the eyes in social perception, and in particular, their role when perceiving ingroup and outgroup members. Then we move to a discussion regarding the impact of motivation on eye gaze and the relationship between eye gaze, and two important intergroup biases: the Own Race Bias (Hugenberg, Young, Bernstein, & Sacco, 2010;Meissner & Brigham, 2001;Sporer, 2001) and a willing...

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Race Coding and the Other-Race Effect in Face Recognition

Cited by 89 publications

References 30 publications

Face age and sex modulate the other-race effect in face recognition

Face age and sex modulate the other-race effect in face recognition

Holistic processing for bodies and body parts: New evidence from stereoscopic depth manipulations

An eye for the I: Preferential attention to the eyes of ingroup members.

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