Race-Based Sexual Stereotyping and Sexual Partnering Among Men Who Use the Internet to Identify Other Men for Bareback Sex

Wilson, Patrick A.; Valera, Pamela; Ventuneac, Ana; Balán, Iván C.; Rowe, Matt; Carballo‐Diéguez, Alex

doi:10.1080/00224490902846479

Cited by 125 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These stereotypes are also diffused in sexual minority communities and usually focus on sexual prowess (i.e., their number of male partners), sexual positioning (i.e., top as Bactive^and bottom as Bpassive^), and penis size. Such stereotypes include that Black men have larger penises than others and beliefs of Black men's sexuality as Birresponsible^(i.e., greater CAS), aggressive and animalistic in nature (Bussel 2006;Fields et al 2012;HelloBeautifulStaff 2011;Wilson et al 2009). Latino men are stereotyped as sexually Bpassionate^and Bravenousl overs, with little sexual-self-control and therefore-to use a pejorative term-promiscuous (i.e., greater number of partners) (Carballo-Dieguez and Dolezal 1996;Dominguez 2014;Tremlett 2011).…”

Section: Commonly Held Racial Stereotypes In Gay and Bisexual Male Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, racial homophily may further drive racial disparities in HIV among gay and bisexual men because of the higher community burden of both HIV and STIs-which are known to facilitate easier HIV acquisition-already present among Black and Latino MSM communities (Hogben and Leichliter 2008;Mustanski et al 2014;Raymond and McFarland 2009;Sullivan et al 2014). Racial homophily may be a byproduct of racism and racial stereotypes within sexual minority communities as some racial groups may be considered more sexually desirable than others (Wilson et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenging Race-Based Stereotypes about Gay and Bisexual Men’s Sexual Behavior and Perceived Penis Size and Size Satisfaction

et al. 2015

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Racial prejudice and stereotyping in gay and bisexual communities may be important contextual factors that contribute to racial disparities in HIV. In an effort to challenge race-based stereotypes regarding gay and bisexual men's sexuality, we sought to determine the extent to which race and ethnicity were associated with (1) racial homophily (i.e., same-race partnerships), (2) sexual behavior (e.g., number of partners, condomless anal sex (CAS), sexual position (top/ versatile/bottom)), and (3) perceived penis size and size satisfaction. Data were taken from a survey of 1,009 gay and bisexual men recruited using a street-intercept method at gay, lesbian, and bisexual community events in NYC in 2006-15 % Black, 61 % White, 18 % Latino, and 6 % Asian/Pacific Islander (mean age, 35.7). There was strong evidence of racial homophily (i.e., having a partner of the same race) among men who were in relationships, particularly for White and Black men. Race and ethnicity was largely unassociated with multiple dimensions of sexual behavior (e.g., number of partners, CAS, sexual positioning). Although we observed some racial and ethnic differences in perceived penis size that were consistent with stereotypes, the magnitudes of the differences were insufficient to justify the stereotype. As well, there were no significant differences with regard to satisfaction with penis size or lying to others about penis size. The disproportionate HIV prevalence among Black and Latino men does not appear to be as a result of differences in sexual behavior (e.g., CAS, number of partners) and race-based sexual stereotypes were largely unsupported by empirical data.Keywords Race and ethnicity . Perceived penis size . Penis satisfaction . Condom use . Sexually transmitted infections . Men who have sex with men (MSM) . Gay and bisexual men

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Section: Commonly Held Racial Stereotypes In Gay and Bisexual Male Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging Race-Based Stereotypes about Gay and Bisexual Men’s Sexual Behavior and Perceived Penis Size and Size Satisfaction

et al. 2015

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“…For example, some work has shown that men find Asian MSM less desirable as sex partners because they are perceived to be less masculine and more submissive. 18,19 This too has led to insularity, with many sex ties among Asian MSM being intraracial, 20 although within a population with significantly lower HIV prevalence. 1 Thus, further research into the methods by which MSM select partners may help our understanding of the spread of HIV within and between racial/ethnic communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partner Preference Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Potential Contribution to Spread of HIV Within Minority Populations

et al. 2016

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Purpose: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. Most prior research into drivers of HIV transmission has focused on individual characteristics rather than on dyadic-level behaviors such as sex partner selection. This article explores racial/ethnic preferences in sex and relationship partner selection among MSM to further contextualize the spread of HIV within minority groups. Methods: Participants were recruited through a mobile application (app) for men to meet other men in 2015 and completed an online survey on behaviors related to HIV risk. All analyses on the sample of 530 MSM were conducted in 2015.Results: There was significant homophily in partner selection within racial/ethnic minorities, but not for white MSM. In general, mobile app-using MSM reported a general preference for white and Hispanic men and a dispreference for black and Asian men, both for sex and relationship partners. Conclusion: Racial/ethnic preferences were found to drive intentions to form partnerships within this sample. Combined with the stigma many of these racial/ethnic minorities may also feel from homophobic attitudes within their own racial/ethnic communities, these MSM may be at particular risk for social isolation. These partner preferences likely affect the structure of the sexual networks of MSM and may contribute to increased clustering within high HIV incident sexual networks.Key words: apps, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), men who have sex with men (MSM), partner preference.

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“…First, recent qualitative studies have suggested that gay men's sexual role preferences may be distinctly racialized (Han, 2006;Wilson et al, 2009), but quantitative studies have been lacking. Our work begins to fill this gap, demonstrating statistically reliable links between the categories Black/top and the categories Asian/ bottom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some limited evidence supports each of these claims. At the cultural level, Wilson et al (2009) found that men who used the Internet to find bareback sex partners often described Black partners in distinctly masculine terms reminiscent of tops (e.g., aggressive, dominant, hyper-masculine, macho, well-endowed) and Asian partners in distinctly feminine terms reminiscent of bottoms (e.g., submissive, effeminate, small physical stature, less well-endowed). While these trends are consistent with our predictions, they relied on a small qualitative sample of men who sought bareback sex, precluding a more general test of gay men's overlapping beliefs about race categories and sexual roles.…”

Section: Sexual Scripting Theory and Sexual Role Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersecting Race and Gender Cues are Associated with Perceptions of Gay Men’s Preferred Sexual Roles

Lick

Johnson

2015

Arch Sex Behav

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Preferences for anal sex roles (top/bottom) are an important aspect of gay male identity, but scholars have only recently begun to explore the factors that covary with these preferences. Here, we argue that the gendered nature of both racial stereotypes (i.e., Black men are masculine, Asian men are feminine) and sexual role stereotypes (i.e., tops are masculine, bottoms are feminine) link the categories Asian/bottom and the categories Black/top. We provide empirical evidence for these claims at three levels of analysis: At the cultural level based upon gay men's stereotypic beliefs about others (Study 1), at the interpersonal level based upon gay men's perceptions of others' sexual role preferences (Study 2), and at the intrapersonal level based upon racially diverse men's self-reported sexual roles on a public hookup website (Study 3). These studies offer the first systematic evidence of linkages between race categories and sexual roles in gay male communities.

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Race-Based Sexual Stereotyping and Sexual Partnering Among Men Who Use the Internet to Identify Other Men for Bareback Sex

Cited by 125 publications

References 24 publications

Challenging Race-Based Stereotypes about Gay and Bisexual Men’s Sexual Behavior and Perceived Penis Size and Size Satisfaction

Challenging Race-Based Stereotypes about Gay and Bisexual Men’s Sexual Behavior and Perceived Penis Size and Size Satisfaction

Partner Preference Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Potential Contribution to Spread of HIV Within Minority Populations

Intersecting Race and Gender Cues are Associated with Perceptions of Gay Men’s Preferred Sexual Roles

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