Race and gender: Perception and reception of support from family and friends.

Szkody, Erica; Steele, Ellen H.; McKinney, Cliff

doi:10.1037/tps0000251

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Given the high degree of distress and constantly changing infor-mation landscape in the early days of the pandemic, the use of this coping strategy may have caused frustration and exacerbated men's anxiety. In addition, research has shown that women are more likely to seek out emotional support than men [62,63], so men who went against this gendered tendency during the pandemic may have been experiencing increased levels of distress. Future research on the comparative effectiveness of acceptance versus other coping strategies in response to pandemic-related stress for men and women would provide further information for the creation of effective prevention and intervention programs that target gender differences in the presentation of anxiety symptoms and disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Coping and Psychological Adaptation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cholankeril

Xiang

Badr

2023

IJERPH

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This population-based study investigated gender differences in the use of coping strategies and their relationship to anxiety symptoms during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in the United States. A national online survey was administered between 13 April 2020 and 8 June 2020. The study sample comprised 1673 respondents (66% women). Overall, 46% reported high levels of anxiety, and women experienced significantly (p < 0.001) higher levels of anxiety than men. Women were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to use acceptance, self-distraction, positive reframing, and emotional support than men. Significant interactions between gender and coping strategies were also identified. Of note, women who reported high levels (+1SD) of acceptance and positive reframing had significantly lower levels of anxiety when they engaged in low levels (−1SD) of acceptance (t = −4.56, p < 0.001) and positive reframing (t = −3.95, p < 0.001). In contrast, men who engaged in high levels of active coping had significantly higher levels of anxiety when they had low levels of active coping (t = 3.38, p = 0.001). Overall, these findings extend our understanding of the nature of gender differences in stress responsivity during periods of high psychological distress and can inform the development of mental health interventions to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Coping and Psychological Adaptation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cholankeril

Xiang

Badr

2023

IJERPH

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“…This may have limited the interactions and engagement of caregivers who are men in the OSGs. Similarly, perceived social support, a measure used across many of the reviewed studies, is reflected differently across race and gender [ 80 ], reinforcing the need for greater clarity on participant groups and concepts in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Support Groups for Family Caregivers: Scoping Review

Daynes-Kearney,

Gallagher

2023

J Med Internet Res

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Background Caregiving can affect people of all ages and can have significant negative health impacts on family caregivers themselves. Research has shown that social support acts as a buffer against many negative health impacts. A common source of social support is support groups. Although traditionally, these groups were conducted in a face-to-face setting, the advent of the internet, social media applications, and the smartphone have seen online support groups (OSGs) develop as a space where many caregivers seek support. The number of OSGs has increased exponentially, but there is no clear consensus on what factors or characteristics of OSGs contribute to social support development within them or what types of OSGs are available to family caregivers. Objective This study aimed to conduct a scoping review to contribute to the understanding of the types and characteristics of OSGs for family caregivers. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, the CINAHL, PsychInfo, Psych Articles, Social Sciences, Communication Source, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies (caregiver focused, adults aged 18 years or older, online social support groups, caring for a living person, peer-reviewed journal publications on empirical research). In total, 19 studies were included in the review. The research questions were (1) what type of social support groups are online for adult family caregivers, (2) what the communication mediums and characteristics of these OSGs are, and (3) what psychosocial or other factors make OSGs successful or unsuccessful for participants. Results In response to the first research question, we found that the majority of OSGs took place on public text-based forums and were illness specific. Where demographics were reported, participants were predominately women, White, and working with university-level education. There were a variety of caregiving relationships. For the second research question, the most common communication medium found was text-based communication, with the use of emojis, photos, and GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) files as part of these exchanges. Most frequently, the OSGs were asynchronous with a degree of anonymity, not time-limited by the frequency of contact or duration, and moderated by peer or professional moderators or facilitators. Results for the third research question explored the overarching categories of safe communication and engagement and group management. These described successful OSGs as having a focus on similar others with shared lived experiences communicated in a nonjudgmental space overseen by trained peer or professional facilitators. Conclusions There are several key considerations for OSGs to be successful for family caregivers. A general recommendation for practitioners is to give importance to building active moderation and multifaceted structures of support to meet different levels of caregiver needs and the ability to engage.

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Family pressure and support on young adults' eating behaviors and body image: The role of gender

Nebel-Schwalm

2024

Appetite

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Race and gender: Perception and reception of support from family and friends.

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Gender Differences in Coping and Psychological Adaptation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gender Differences in Coping and Psychological Adaptation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Online Support Groups for Family Caregivers: Scoping Review

Family pressure and support on young adults' eating behaviors and body image: The role of gender

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