Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psychedelic use (MDMA/ecstasy and psilocybin) and major depressive episodes

Jones, Grant

doi:10.1177/02698811221127304

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, this study seeks to expand on Jones and Nock ( 4 ) and test whether race and ethnicity moderates the relationships between lifetime psilocybin use and lowered odds of crime arrests, as this prior work demonstrated associations between lifetime psilocybin use and lowered odds of arrests for various types of crime. In line with Jones and Nock ( 11 ) and Jones ( 12 ), we hypothesized that there would be fewer and weaker relationships between psychedelic use and crime arrests for participants of color in this sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The following demographic factors and lifetime use variables served as covariates in our analyses: sex (male or female), age (18–25, 26–34, 35–49, 50 or older), educational attainment (less than high school, some high school or high school graduate, some college or above), self-reported engagement in risky behavior (never, seldom, sometimes, or always), annual household income (less than $20,000, $20,000–$49,999, $50,000–$74,999, $75,000 or more), marital status (married, divorced/separated, widowed, or never married), survey year (2002–2020), and lifetime use of various substances [MDMA/ecstasy, other classic psychedelics (LSD, peyote, and mescaline), other illegal substances (cocaine, heroin, PCP, inhalants) and other commonly misused legal/medicinal substances (pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, sedatives, and marijuana)]. These exact covariates have been used in prior population-based survey studies investigating race, psychedelic use, and deleterious outcomes ( 11 , 12 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary evidence suggests that race and ethnicity may affect that associations that psychedelic use shares with mental health and behavioral outcomes. Specifically, Jones and Nock ( 11 ) and Jones ( 12 ) examined whether race and ethnicity moderated the associations between psychedelic use and distress, suicidality, and major depressive episodes (MDEs). These studies found that for White adults, psychedelic use was consistently associated with lowered odds of distress, suicidality, and depression; however, among participants of color, psychedelic use was inconsistently associated with lowered odds of these outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and crime arrests

Jones,

Al-Suwaidi,

Castro-Ramirez

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionPsilocybin use has been linked to lowered odds of crime-related outcomes across a host of observational studies. No studies have investigated how these associations may differ among those of different races and ethnicities.MethodsUsing a nationally-representative sample of 734,061 adults from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002–2020), we investigated whether race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and four measures of crime arrests (property crime, assault, serious violence, and miscellaneous crimes).ResultsFirst, we replicated prior findings and demonstrated that psilocybin confers lowered odds of crime arrests for all four outcomes in question. Second, we demonstrated that race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and crime arrests for three of our four outcomes. Third, we examined the associations between psilocybin and crime arrests across different races and ethnicities (White, Black, Indigenous, Asian, Multiracial, and Hispanic participants). Psilocybin conferred lowered odds of at least one crime arrest outcome for all racial and ethnic groups except for Black and Hispanic participants.DiscussionFuture investigations should take an intersectional approach to studying the interrelationship of sociodemographic factors, psychedelic use, and crime, examine the structural factors (i.e., systemic racism) that may underlie these results, and investigate whether psychedelics can alleviate mental health disorders that contribute to cycles of recriminalization for communities of color.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and crime arrests

Jones,

Al-Suwaidi,

Castro-Ramirez

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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show abstract

“…National data has shown that psilocybin and MDMA use was linked to improved health outcomes for white users. However, there were minimal or no associations observed among users from different racial or ethnic minority groups [ 31 , 32 ]. Another study found that, while those who are employed and use psychedelics have significantly lower levels of psychological distress, non-employed users have higher levels of distress [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diminished psychedelic returns on distress: Marital status and household size

Viña

2024

PLoS ONE

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Although the use of psychedelics to impact health has seen growth, little research has tested the effects of culture conditions on the relationship. More specifically, how does marital status and family size affect the relationship between psychedelics and health? This study tests the relationship between Lifetime Classic Psychedelic Use (LCPU), marital status, and household size (number of people living in a household) on levels of psychological distress in the past 30 days. This project uses pooled data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (2010 to 2018) (N = 674,521). The Final sample size is determined by the dependent variable, psychological distress in the past month (n = 158,633). The analysis includes a series of nested logistic regression models conducted in Stata 17. Results indicate that LCPU is independently associated with better health, but the association between LCPU and health varies across levels of household size. Larger households are associated with higher levels of distress, which are then exacerbated among psychedelics users. Furthermore, three-way interactions reveal that the negative association between household size and distress gets larger among psychedelic users who are married, divorced, and widowed. Overall, results suggest that household size negatively impacts the association between LCPU and health, with those who are married, divorced, and widowed experiencing the worst outcomes.

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“…A follow-up study suggests racial trauma symptoms may be moderated through an increase in psychological flexibility conferred by psychedelic use (Davis, Xin, et al, 2021). On the other hand, nationally represented data have found that while psilocybin and MDMA use was associated with better health outcomes for White users, there were little to no association among users who were race or ethnic minorities (Jones, 2023; Jones and Nock, 2022b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minorities’ diminished psychedelic returns

Viña,

Stephens

2023

Drug Science, Policy and Law

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Although there is a growing support for the use of psychedelics to improve the health of marginalized groups, there are some critical gaps. First, no empirical studies have examined the effects of psychedelics on Black Americans. Second, there is little research on population effects of psychedelics. Third, little research has tested how cultural set and setting may affect the relationship between psychedelics and health. Specifically, how could economic inequality or the criminal justice system jeopardize the relationship between psychedelics and health for Black people. This study tests race and gender differences in multiple aspects of lifetime classic psychedelic use, specifically drug use, arrest history, economic inequality, and psychological distress. This project uses pooled data of Black and White respondents from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2008–2019) ( N = 490,586). The analysis includes a series of logistic and ordinary least square regression models conducted in Stata 17. Results demonstrate that Black people are policed more even though they use less drugs than Whites. Higher class White men are more likely to use psychedelics, while class does not predict use among Black people. Finally, for White men and women, the positive association of psychedelics are enhanced by class, while the negative effect of arrest history on health are buffered by psychedelics. However, Black people do not gain health benefits from psychedelics regardless of class or arrest history. Results suggest that systemic inequality deters use and eliminates all health benefits of psychedelics for Black people.

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Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psychedelic use (MDMA/ecstasy and psilocybin) and major depressive episodes

Cited by 9 publications

References 66 publications

Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and crime arrests

Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and crime arrests

Diminished psychedelic returns on distress: Marital status and household size

Minorities’ diminished psychedelic returns

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