Race and ethnic differences in determinants of preterm birth in the USA: broadening the social context

Reagan, Patricia B.; Salsberry, Pamela J.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.10.010

Cited by 166 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, we observed no significant associations with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth, with one 12,14 and percent of female headed households with children. 11,13 Low median household income has been most consistently associated with increased risk of preterm birth, 10,11,15 including among Black women only. 11 Others have reported curvilinear associations such that increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth was associated with high and low levels of median household income among Black but not White women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Others have reported curvilinear associations such that increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth was associated with high and low levels of median household income among Black but not White women. 9,12 Non-linear positive associations between neighborhood occupation-related variables (e.g., fraction of workers in professional occupations) and risk of spontaneous 9,12 and overall preterm birth 13 have been found among Black and White women. Thus, the literature suggests that some measures of neighborhood SES may be related to an increased risk of preterm birth, but the results have been inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] All except one 14 found statistically significant associations with at least one neighborhood-level indicator after adjustment for individual-level factors. Although many studies have assessed neighborhood characteristics as single variables, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] the complexities of neighborhood SES may be better captured by a summary variable comprised of multiple area-level factors. 20 In four large studies based on vital statistic birth records, a summary variable of neighborhood deprivation was significantly associated with increased risk of preterm birth among women of various races/ethnicities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Preterm Birth in a U.S. Cohort of Black Women

et al. 2012

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This study examines the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and preterm birth among U.S. Black women. A composite variable for neighborhood SES, derived from 7 U.S. Census Bureau indicators, was assessed in relation to self-reported preterm birth (505 spontaneous and 452 medically indicated) among 6,390 women in the Black Women's Health Study who delivered singleton births during 1995-2003. The odds ratio (OR) for preterm birth, comparing the lowest (most deprived) to the highest (least deprived) quartiles of neighborhood SES, was 0.98 (95 % CI, 0.80, 1.20) after adjustment for individual-level characteristics. Low neighborhood SES was not associated with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth overall or within strata of maternal age, education, or geographic region. The only significant finding was higher odds of medically indicated preterm birth associated with low neighborhood SES among unmarried women. Low neighborhood SES was not materially associated with preterm birth in this study of U.S. Black women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Preterm Birth in a U.S. Cohort of Black Women

et al. 2012

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“…According to the U.S. Census Bureau, tracts are small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of counties, designed to be fairly homogenous units with respect to socio-demographic characteristics and living conditions, containing on average 4000 residents. 37 Previous research has employed census tracts to characterize neighborhood influences [38][39][40][41] and has confirmed their utility in birth outcomes research. …”

Section: Unit Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

The Development of a Standardized Neighborhood Deprivation Index

et al. 2006

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Census data are widely used for assessing neighborhood socioeconomic context. Research using census data has been inconsistent in variable choice and usually limited to single geographic areas. This paper seeks to a) outline a process for developing a neighborhood deprivation index using principal components analysis and b) demonstrate an example of its utility for identifying contextual variables that are associated with perinatal health outcomes across diverse geographic areas. Year 2000 U.S. Census and vital records birth data (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001) were merged at the census tract level for 19 cities (located in three states) and five suburban counties (located in three states), which were used to create eight study areas within four states. Census variables representing five socio-demographic domains previously associated with health outcomes, including income/poverty, education, employment, housing, and occupation, were empirically summarized using principal components analysis. The resulting first principal component, hereafter referred to as neighborhood deprivation, accounted for 51 to 73% of the total variability across eight study areas. Component loadings were consistent both within and across study areas (0.2-0.4), suggesting that each variable contributes approximately equally to Bdeprivation^across diverse geographies. The deprivation index was associated with the unadjusted prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight for white non-Hispanic and to a lesser extent for black non-Hispanic women across the eight sites. The high correlations between census variables, the inherent multidimensionality of constructs like neighborhood deprivation, and the observed associations with birth outcomes suggest the utility of using a deprivation, index for research into neighborhood effects on adverse birth outcomes.

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“…In the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital prematurity is the cause of almost 54% of early neonatal deaths 2 . Singleton preterm birth rates vary from one part of the world to another: studies have reported rates of 5.5% in New South Wales (Australia) 3 , 9.7% in the USA 4 , 3% in Jordan 5 , 5.4% in Scotland 6 , 15.2% in Zimbabwe 7 and 20.3% in rural Malawi 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singleton preterm births in Korle bu teaching hospital, Accra, Ghana – origins and outcomes

Nkyekyer¹,

Enweronu‐Laryea²,

Boafor³

2010

Ghana Medical Journal

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SUMMARYObjective: To determine the singleton preterm birth rate, the relative proportions of the clinical categories of preterm births and to compare the outcomes in these categories. .1%]) were medically indicated (group C). The commonest indication for delivery in group C was severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Although there was no significant difference in the mean gestational ages at delivery between the groups, babies in group C had significantly lower birth weights. No differences in sex ratios, stillbirth rates, or incidence of low Apgar scores were found. Babies in group C were significantly more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and had a significantly higher perinatal death rate. Survivors of NICU admission among group C babies spent significantly longer periods in hospital before discharge. Conclusion:Outcomes of preterm births in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital are less favourable among indicated preterm births than among spontaneous or PPROM-related preterm births. A detailed study of the causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality is suggested to determine any differences between the three groups.

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Race and ethnic differences in determinants of preterm birth in the USA: broadening the social context

Cited by 166 publications

References 36 publications

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Preterm Birth in a U.S. Cohort of Black Women

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Preterm Birth in a U.S. Cohort of Black Women

The Development of a Standardized Neighborhood Deprivation Index

Singleton preterm births in Korle bu teaching hospital, Accra, Ghana – origins and outcomes

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