Race and Emotion in Computer-Based HIV Prevention Videos for Emergency Department Patients

Aronson, Ian David; Bania, Theodore C.

doi:10.1521/aeap.2011.23.2.91

Cited by 18 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A preferred approach is to remain positive and avoid negative connections such as the statement “Most people with epilepsy are bright, engaged, and living full lives.” Emotions are potent drivers of decision-making 74; 75 and positive emotional content, such as health communication approaches that emphasize caring, inclusiveness and altruism are known to be effective in shaping attitudes. 76; 77 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epilepsy misconceptions and stigma reduction: Current status in Western countries

Herrmann

Welter

Berg

et al. 2016

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Objective: This systematized literature review identified reports describing epilepsy misconceptions in the developed Western countries and research interventions focused on reducing these misconceptions. Materials and Methods: English language publications from January 2004 to January 2015 that described original research conducted in Europe, North/Central/South America or Australia on misconceptions about epilepsy among the general public. Results: 81 publications were selected. Most studies were conducted in the Americas (N=30) and Europe (N=31). Misconceptions and attitudes about epilepsy were assessed among clinical providers (N= 9), family members of people with epilepsy (PWE, N=5), teachers (N= 11), students (N=22), and the general public (N= 25). Most studies used structured questionnaires, sometimes adding open-ended questions. Misconceptions reflected socially exclusionary attitudes directed at PWE, ignorance about treatment, and over-generalizations that are stigmatizing when applied to all PWE. Misconceptions were more prevalent in those with less education, lower socioeconomic status, and no exposure to PWE. There were only 12 intervention studies. While intervention studies were generally effective in improving attitudes, many were targeted to healthcare and education settings, were time intensive, and impractical for broad general population implementation. None incorporated newer technology-based strategies regarding effective health communication approaches. Conclusions: Types of epilepsy misconceptions were similar in reports published over the last decade, although most referred to misconceptions that have already been previously described. Existing questionnaires may fail to identify more subtle forms of current misconceptions and negative attitudes. Few interventional studies specifically target epilepsy stigma. Practical and broad scalable approaches to de-stigmatize epilepsy may help reduce misconceptions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epilepsy misconceptions and stigma reduction: Current status in Western countries

Herrmann

Welter

Berg

et al. 2016

Epilepsy & Behavior

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“…In a 2011 study Calderon et al found higher post-intervention knowledge scores and test uptake among adolescent ED patients who watched a video compared to adolescent ED patients who received in-person HIV counseling. (8) Aronson and Bania (9) documented significant increases in HIV test uptake among ED patients who were offered a test after watching a short video on a computer, compared to ED patients who were offered a test by hospital staff at triage. However, none of the above studies was designed to specifically target patients who had already declined HIV tests.…”

Section: Uses Of Technology To Increase Test Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-Based Video to Increase HIV Testing Among Emergency Department Patients Who Decline

et al. 2014

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend routine HIV screening in clinical settings, including emergency departments (EDs), because earlier diagnosis enables treatment before symptoms develop and delivery of interventions to reduce continued transmission. However, patients frequently decline testing. This study delivered a 16-minute video-based intervention to 160 patients who declined HIV tests in a high volume, urban ED. One third of participants (N=53) accepted an HIV test post-intervention. Interviews with a subset of participants (n=40) show that before the video, many were unaware HIV testing could be conducted without drawing blood, or that results could be delivered in 20 minutes.

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“…However, although both sets of theories make extensive recommendations that can be applied to intervention videos, neither conclusively addresses fundamental questions the producers of any intervention video must answer: whether the people appearing onscreen in a video should be racially matched to the viewer and how they should frame their messages (Aronson et al, 2012). The study found that participants first offered an HIV test after watching a video were significantly more likely to test compared to participants who were offered a test by a triage nurse before watching a video (Aronson & Bania, 2011; Aronson et al, 2012). However, no single video emerged as significantly more effective in terms of increasing test rates or pre–post knowledge change.…”

Section: Prior Relevant Research and Rationale For The Current Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…All HIV testing was performed by hospital staff separate from this research. To protect patient privacy, the Aronson and colleagues (Aronson & Bania, 2011; Aronson et al, 2012) study did not record HIV test results or other personal health information as part of this research.…”

Section: Methods and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, none of the above studies (Aronson & Bania, 2011; Aronson et al, 2012; Calderon et al, 2011; Carey et al, 2008) examined potential relationships between time spent with an intervention and participants’ decisions to test. Furthermore, Carey et al’s (2008) and Aronson and colleagues’ (Aronson & Bania, 2011; Aronson et al, 2012) studies both report the racial breakdown of their samples but do not report whether some racial groups were more likely to test following the intervention compared to others. As mentioned earlier, given the CDC’s recent call to increase HIV test rates among specific population groups, including Black people, it may prove worthwhile to examine an intervention’s effectiveness by participant race.…”

Section: Prior Relevant Research and Rationale For The Current Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Patient Interactions With a Computer-Based Video Intervention Affect Decisions to Test for HIV

et al. 2013

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The current study examines predictors of HIV test acceptance among emergency department patients who received an educational video intervention designed to increase HIV testing. A total of 202 patients in the main treatment areas of a high-volume, urban hospital emergency department used inexpensive netbook computers to watch brief educational videos about HIV testing and respond to pre-postintervention data collection instruments. After the intervention, computers asked participants if they would like an HIV test: Approximately 43% (n = 86) accepted. Participants who accepted HIV tests at the end of the intervention took longer to respond to postintervention questions, which included the offer of an HIV test, F(1, 195) = 37.72, p < .001, compared with participants who did not accept testing. Participants who incorrectly answered pretest questions about HIV symptoms were more likely to accept testing F(14, 201) = 4.48, p < . 001. White participants were less likely to accept tests than Black, Latino, or "Other" patients, χ 2 (3, N = 202) = 10.39, p < .05. Time spent responding to postintervention questions emerged as the strongest predictor of HIV testing, suggesting that patients who agreed to test spent more time thinking about their response to the offer of an HIV test. Examining intervention usage data, pretest knowledge deficits, and patient demographics can potentially inform more effective behavioral health interventions for underserved populations in clinical settings. Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav (CDC, 2012). HHS Public AccessIn light of the above, questions of how to design and deliver interventions that increase HIV test rates take on particular significance in high volume, urban health care settings, including hospital emergency departments (EDs), that often serve vulnerable populations who may have limited access to health care providers and, correspondingly, to health education. Interventions must not only be brief enough to offer while patients are receiving treatment; they must also be effective enough to reach patients who decline voluntary HIV testing because they (sometimes) falsely believe they are not at risk (Swenson, Hadley, Houck, Dance, & Brown, 2011) or because they fear a positive result (CDC, 2003). Content and intervention design must also help learners recognize gaps in their knowledge, including misconceptions (Rotheram-Borus, Ingram, Swendeman, & Flannery, 2009). If participants believe they already know all they need to know about HIV, they may not attend to intervention content and may remain unlikely to test. Much remains unknown as to how these interventions can be optimized for patients who could benefit most and how time to completion, baseline knowledge, and participant race may contribute to postintervention behavior in a given setting. et al. (2007, 2009), delive...

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Race and Emotion in Computer-Based HIV Prevention Videos for Emergency Department Patients

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Epilepsy misconceptions and stigma reduction: Current status in Western countries

Epilepsy misconceptions and stigma reduction: Current status in Western countries

Computer-Based Video to Increase HIV Testing Among Emergency Department Patients Who Decline

How Patient Interactions With a Computer-Based Video Intervention Affect Decisions to Test for HIV

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