“…It is expected that students who experience repeated academic failure are likely to develop negative feelings about themselves, on the contrary, those who encounter success tend to develop positive views of themselves. It has often been suggested that academic achievement is closely related to self-esteem (Osborne, 1997;Pullmann & Allik, 2008;Suk Wai Wong & Watkins, 2001;Stupniskyet, Renaud, Perry, Ruthig, Haynes, & Clifton, 2007;Whitesell, Mitchell, & Spicer, 2009), nevertheless, considering the literature, this relationship is more complicated than it is thought to be. Some researchers asserted that self-esteem affects academic achievement (Chapman, 1988;Hansford & Hattie, 1982;Marsh, Byrne, & Shavelson, 1988), however some others claim it is affected by academic achievement (Alves-Martinset, Peixoto, Gouveia-Pereira, Amaral, & Pedro, 2002;Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, & Vohs, 2003;Bowles, 1999;Filozof, Albertin, Jones, Steme, Myers, & McDermott, 1998;Hoge, Smit, & Crist, 1995).…”