Raccoon Use of Large Tree Cavities and Ground Burrows

Berner, Alfred; Gysel, Leslie W.

doi:10.2307/3797973

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…degree of seasonal variation observed in Raccoons in central Tennessee was related to seasonal weather patterns. During winter, Raccoons likely are constrained to use protected den sites that provide stable microclimates to conserve energy (e.g., rock or ground dens; Berner and Gysel 1967). Rabinowitz and Pelton (1986) found warmer and more stable air temperatures in rock dens during the winter months compared to cavity trees, and this pattern may explain the increase in rock-den use during winter compared to spring and summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Diurnal Den use within an Intensively Managed Forest in Central West Virginia

Owen

Berl

Edwards

et al. 2015

Northeastern Naturalist

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Diurnal Den use within an Intensively Managed Forest in Central West Virginia

Owen

Berl

Edwards

et al. 2015

Northeastern Naturalist

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“…The use of shelters with the minimum entrance size possible would have the advantages of increased heat retention and exclusion of a larger variety of predatory mammals (Robb et al 1996), and it is still possible that the animals using shelters with large entrance dimensions would work their way inside the shelter into smaller and deeper cavities than those apparent from my visual search (Shirer & Fitch 1970). Similar shelter sites may also have different internal characteristics not covered in this work, such as temperature stability and humidity (Berner & Gysel 1967). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Shelter can afford protection against predators and from weather (Berner & Gysel 1967). Compared to external environment, shelter temperatures are more stable, with lower maximum and higher minimum temperatures (Berner & Gysel 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shelter availability and use by mammals and birds in an Atlantic forest area

Beisiegel

2006

Biota Neotrop.

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This paper describes the types of ground-level shelters, their availability and use by mammals and birds at Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PECB), an Atlantic forest area at southeastern Brazil. Eight types of shelters were found: shelters without tunnels under living trees, shelters with tunnels under living trees, shelters under mounds formed by adventitious roots, shelters under fallen trees, burrows not supported by trees or roots, riverbank shelters, stream tunnels and rock shelters. Mammal species that used shelters more frequently were Agouti paca, Philander frenata, Lontra longicaudis, Metachirus nudicaudatus and Trinomys iheringi. Utilization of shelter types and shelter topographic locations by these six species was roughly similar to the proportions in which shelters of different types and locations were monitored, with the exception of otters, which are semi-aquatic mammals and used mainly riverbank shelters.Contrary to expectations, animals did not choose shelters with entrances fitted to their sizes. Shelters were used either by a single species or by different species. I hypothesize that at the PECB other factors such as microclimate inside shelters must be more important in determining shelter use than shelter external characteristics or topographic location. Some species, as coatis Nasua nasua and probably small didelphids and birds, enter shelters to search for invertebrates and small vertebrates. Este artigo descreve os tipos de abrigos encontrados no solo, sua disponibilidade e uso por mamíferos e aves no Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PECB), uma área de Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil. Foram encontrados oito tipos de abrigos: abrigos sem túneis sob árvores vivas, abrigos com túneis sob árvores vivas, abrigos sob raízes adventícias, abrigos sob árvores caídas, escavações não sustentadas por raízes ou árvores, abrigos em barrancos de rios, túneis formados por riachos e abrigos entre rochas. Os mamíferos que mais usaram os abrigos foram Agouti paca, Philander frenata, Lontra longicaudis, Metachirus nudicaudatus e Trinomys iheringi. A utilização dos tipos de abrigos e das localizações dos mesmos por estas seis espécies foi, de forma geral, proporcional à quantidade de abrigos monitorados para cada tipo e cada topografia, com a exceção das lontras, que sendo mamíferos semi-aquáticos utilizaram principalmente abrigos nos barrancos de rios.Ao contrário do esperado, os animais não escolheram abrigos cujas entradas correspondessem a seus tamanhos corporais. Os abrigos foram usados tanto por uma só espécie quanto por várias espécies. Sugiro que no PECB fatores como microclima no interior dos abrigos usados pelas espécies devem ser mais importantes na seleção dos abrigos do que as características externas e localização dos mesmos quanto à topografia. Algumas espécies, como quatis Nasua nasua e provavelmente pequenos didelfídeos e aves, entram nos abrigos em busca de invertebrados e pequenos vertebrados. Palavras

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“…Most studies report that raccoons prefer denning in tree cavities, but they demonstrate behavioral plasticity and readily use a variety of natural or anthropogenic structures (Dorney 1954, Berner and Gysel 1967, Henner et al 2004, rock outcrops (Berner and Gysel 1967 ), or ground burrows dug by other species (Stains 1956 ). Mech et al (1966) found that raccoons denned in bog habitats in Minnesota using ground beds in marshes and swamps; however, there are few instances in the literature of raccoons using marsh substrates for dens.…”

Section: Age Distribution and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographics, diet, movements, and survival of an isolated, unmanaged raccoon Procyon lotor (Procyonidae, Carnivora) population on the Outer Banks of North Carolina

et al. 2013

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Raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) are highly adaptable meso-carnivores that inhabit many environments, including the Atlantic barrier islands, where their role as predators of declining, beach-nesting bird and turtle species is of particular interest. Population models that improve our understanding of predator-prey dynamics are receiving increasing attention in the literature; however, their effective application requires site-specific information on population parameters. We studied an unharvested raccoon population on the Outer Banks of North Carolina and evaluated spatial and seasonal differences in a number of population/demographic factors of raccoons inhabiting areas of high and low human activity. Raccoons denned and foraged primarily in salt marsh habitats but shifted their movements in response to changes in seasonal resource conditions. The population was skewed toward older animals and exhibited delayed breeding, typical of populations at high density with few sources of mortality. Diet and movement analysis indicated shorebird and turtle predation was attributed to a small number of individual raccoons. Although seasonal resources appeared adequate to sustain a high population density of raccoons, poor body condition and low recruitment suggested a population near carrying capacity.

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Raccoon Use of Large Tree Cavities and Ground Burrows

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Diurnal Den use within an Intensively Managed Forest in Central West Virginia

Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Diurnal Den use within an Intensively Managed Forest in Central West Virginia

Shelter availability and use by mammals and birds in an Atlantic forest area

Demographics, diet, movements, and survival of an isolated, unmanaged raccoon Procyon lotor (Procyonidae, Carnivora) population on the Outer Banks of North Carolina

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