Rabies Surveillance Among Bats in Tennessee, Usa, 1996–2010

Gilbert, Amy T.; McCracken, Gary F.; Sheeler, Lorinda; Muller, Lisa I.; O’Rourke, Dorcas P.; Kelch, William J.; Im, Piljae

doi:10.7589/2014-12-277

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The differences in RABV epidemiology among bat species probably reflect their diverse natural history. In particular, factors affecting contact rates, such as hibernation, torpor, seasonal dispersion, reproduction, and social structure might determine species-specific RABV dynamics [ 18 – 20 , 39 , 43 , 44 ], although variability in pathogenicity and transmissibility of RABV variants, and disease susceptibility and immunity among hosts [ 40 , 45 ], might also be at play.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among passively submitted big brown bats, positivity ranged between 4.7% (3,040/65,167) [ 3 ] and 5.9% (1,695/28,905) [ 34 ]. Among the literature reviewed by Klug et al [ 34 ], and taking into account recent publications [ 20 ], a positivity ≥7% among big brown bats has only previously been reported from passive surveillance in southern Canada during 1963–1985 ( S4 Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple factors can bias submission of bats for RABV testing, including population density [ 20 , 21 ] and public awareness [ 20 , 21 ], especially in urban settings. Both these factors might have affected our results, as bat submissions were predominantly from west of the Cascade Range (78% of total population in Washington), an area where people may have exhibited increased reporting, leading to observed space or time clustering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bat rabies in Washington State: Temporal-spatial trends and risk factors for zoonotic transmission (2000–2017)

et al. 2018

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BackgroundRabies is a zoonotic viral disease that can affect all mammals. In the United States, the majority of human rabies cases are caused by bats, which are the only known reservoirs for rabies virus (RABV) in Washington State. We sought to characterize bat RABV epidemiology in Washington among bats submitted by the public for RABV testing.MethodsWe examined temporal and spatial trends in RABV positivity (% positive) for taxonomically identified bats submitted to diagnostic laboratories during 2006–2017. For a subset of Myotis species, we evaluated sensitivity and predictive value positive (PPV) of morphological identification keys, using mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b) as a reference. For bats tested during 2000–2016, we analyzed RABV positivity by circumstances of encounters with humans, cats, and dogs.ResultsDuring 2006–2017, RABV positivity for all bat species was 6.0% (176/2,928). Among species with ≥100 submissions, RABV positivity was 2.0%–11.7% and highest among big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). An increasing trend in annual positivity was significant only for big brown bats (P = 0.02), and was circumstantially linked to a geographic cluster. Sensitivity and PPV of morphological identification keys was high for M. evotis but varied for M. lucifugus, M. californicus, M. yumanensis, and M. septentrionalis. A positive RABV result was significantly associated with nonsynanthropic species, abnormal behavior, abnormal hiding, injury, biting, found in a body of water, found alive, found outdoors, and caught by a dog.ConclusionMonitoring passive RABV surveillance trends enables public health authorities to perform more accurate risk assessments. Differences in temporal and spatial trends in RABV positivity by bat species indicate the importance of collecting taxonomic data, although morphological identification can be unreliable for certain Myotis species. Current public health practices for RABV exposures should be maintained as RABV infection in bats can never be excluded without diagnostic testing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bat rabies in Washington State: Temporal-spatial trends and risk factors for zoonotic transmission (2000–2017)

et al. 2018

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“…Rabies is an acute zoonotic infectious disease caused by the rabies virus that severely impacts the central nervous system. Rabies is commonly seen in carnivorous animals such as dogs, wolves, cats, and bats, and the virus is transmitted by a bite from an infected animal [1, 2]. The mortality of rabies is extremely high; an unvaccinated infected person is expected to live for only a maximum of 7 days after the appearance of symptoms if timely and appropriate therapy is not applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features of rabies patients with abnormal sexual behaviors as the presenting manifestations: a case report and literature review

2019

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Background Abnormal sexual behaviors presenting as manifestations of rabies have occasionally been reported in the literature, although little attention has been paid to these cases to date. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features of rabies cases with abnormal sexual behaviors as the presenting manifestations. Case presentation A case of 32-year-old man with frequent ejaculation as the initial symptom of rabies was first reported. Then, a literature review was conducted using databases including CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang Data, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, OVID and PubMed. In addition to our case, 54 other rabies cases, with abnormal sexual behaviors as the presenting manifestations, have been reported since 1970. Among the 55 cases, 51 were male and three were female (unknown gender for one case), with ages ranging from 6 to 71 years. All cases were reported in developing countries, 46 in China. Dog bites were the major source of infection, and extremities were the main exposure sites. Overall, 46 (83.6%) cases had abnormal sexual behaviors as the initial symptoms. The major presenting manifestations were priapism and ejaculation in males and hypersexuality in females. All cases were clinically diagnosed based on medical history and clinical manifestations. Given no standardized post-exposure prophylaxis, all cases died with the survival time being between 1 and 15 days. Conclusions The rabies patients with abnormal sexual behaviors have unique clinical features. To avoid misdiagnosis, unexplained abnormal sexual behaviors should raise clinical suspicion of rabies.

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“…In USA, bats have been reported as reservoir vector in over 90% of human rabies cases. Among bats tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus) are reported as major reservoir host (Gilbert et al, 2015). The bat rabies virus variants isolated from Latin America in free tailed bats (genus Tadarida) and vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) have been found to be close to earliest rabies virus.…”

Section: Menangle Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%