Rabies-specific production of interleukin-2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from human rabies vaccinees

Resposta imune humoral de cães à vacina inativada, de cérebro de camundongos lactentes, utilizada nas campanhas anti-rábicas no Brasil

“…Entre as proteínas do vírus rábico, somente a glicoproteína pode induzir a síntese de anticorpos neutralizantes para raiva [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) recomenda a avaliação da imunidade anti-rábica através da titulação desses anticorpos e considera um título igual ou maior que 0,5 UI/ml como reflexo de um estado imunitário suficiente para proteger indivíduos expostos ao risco de contaminação.…”

“…A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) recomenda a avaliação da imunidade anti-rábica através da titulação desses anticorpos e considera um título igual ou maior que 0,5 UI/ml como reflexo de um estado imunitário suficiente para proteger indivíduos expostos ao risco de contaminação. A resposta humoral não é o único mecanismo envolvido na proteção do indivíduo, os anticorpos são protetores concomitantemente aos mecanismos da resposta imune celular 16,18 . Com o objetivo de avaliar se cães vacinados durante a campanha apresentavam título protetor (0,5 UI/ml) 12 meses após a vacinação, e o título de anticorpos 30 dias após a vacina, realizou-se inqué-rito sorológico em 259 amostras de soro de cães do Município de São Paulo e 82 amostras do Município de Paulínia, correlacionando o estado nutricional e o número de vacinações anteriores na análise da resposta humoral dos cães.…”

Evolution of European bat lyssaviruses.

“…Further studies based on the sequences of the nucleoprotein gene of four EBL established that these viruses can be further subdivided into two different genotypes of lyssavirus : genotype 5 (or EBL1) and genotype 6 (or EBL2) (Bourhy et al, 1992. Protection and seroneutralization experiments (Fekadu et al, 1988 ;Lafon et al, 1986Lafon et al, , 1988 and evaluations of the cellular immune response after vaccination (Celis et al, 1988 ;Herzog et al, 1991Herzog et al, , 1992Joffret et al, 1990 ;Perrin et al, 1991) have demonstrated the weak efficacy of conventional rabies vaccines of genotype 1 against infection by EBL1, EBL2 and DUV isolates. This has lead to public health concerns and to the possible need to develop more specific vaccines against other genotypes of lyssaviruses .…”

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) after experimental primary and secondary oral vaccination using SAG2 and V-RG vaccines

“…The range of responses observed after the primary vaccination was comparable with that evaluated in animals receiving a double oral administration of vaccine. The absence of detection of significant IL-2 mRNA levels in PBMC cultures of immunised foxes was surprising in view of previous studies that showed rabies-specific production of IL-2 by murine spleno cytes after in vitro stimulation with purified inactivated virus [29] or by blood lymphocytes of human vaccinated against rabies [30]. This lack of cytokine mRNA production observed in our conditions was not an artefact, as IL-2 mRNA was clearly detected in blood cells from vaccinated foxes stimulated with Con A.…”

“…In addition to neutralising antibodies, the induction of cell-mediated immunity might be an important parameter in rabies-specific protective response of foxes following vaccination with SAG2 or V-RG vaccines. As the release of cytokines after rabies vaccination has been already studied in mouse [29] and human [30], the identification of such cytokines profiles from vulpine T lymphocytes was investigated. Foxes had significantly higher lymphoproliferative response to rabies virus post-vaccination whatever the vaccine used, as compared with unvaccinated controls.…”