Rabies re-emergence after long-term disease freedom (Amur Oblast, Russia)

Ботвинкин, А. Д.; Зарва, И. Д.; Мельцов, И. В.; Chupin, Sergei A.; Полещук, Е. М.; Zinyakov, N. G.; Samokhvalov, Sergey V.; Solovey, Irina V.; Yakovleva, N.V.; Сидоров, Г. Н.; Boyko, Irina A.; Yudin, V. G.; Андаев, Е. И.; Metlin, Artem

doi:10.29326/2304-196x-2022-11-4-309-318

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The habitats of mesocarnivores in the river floodplains and foothills are preserved even in conditions of intensive use of the plains for crops. It should be emphasized that rabies had a similar landscape distribution in this area in the middle of the last century [12,13] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In Russia, the nearest to the ARR rabies-enzootic territory is in the JAR, 200-300 km to the east, where the infection was historically present in lowland areas, including the Amur River valley [10,12,13,26] . During 2017-2018, animal rabies was documented in JAR [10] , just before the outbreak in ARR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon contrasts strikingly with the vast territories of Siberia covered by conifer taiga forests, where host populations are scarce, and rabies has been recorded extremely rarely [10,11] . In the 1980s, wildlife rabies foci were described in the Russian Far East in lowland areas along the Amur River and around Khanka Lake, where raccoon dog was recognized as a reservoir of RABV [12,13] . Despite wildlife rabies, the infection mediated by domestic dogs predominated as the cause of human disease (> 80% of human rabies cases).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite wildlife rabies, the infection mediated by domestic dogs predominated as the cause of human disease (> 80% of human rabies cases). Only rare human deaths after wolf and raccoon dog bites were reported in the Russian Far East during the previous century [12] . RABV variants of the so-called Arctic-like lineage prevail in the adjacent territories of Russia [14,15] and China [16][17][18][19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RABV variants of the so-called Arctic-like lineage prevail in the adjacent territories of Russia [14,15] and China [16][17][18][19] . The similarity of landscapes, genetic lineages, and natural hosts of RABV led to the conclusion about the transboundary nature of rabies outbreaks in the Amur River basin [12,16,19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reemergence of arctic-like rabies virus in a rabies-free area in the Amur river basin

Botvinkin,

Poleshchuk,

Chupin

et al. 2023

One Health Implement Res

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Background: A descriptive epidemiological study of the rabies outbreak in the Amur Region of Russia (ARR), which remained rabies-free from 1972 to 2017, was carried out. During 2018-2022, 49 animal rabies cases and one human rabies death were documented in the ARR. This study aimed to detect possible ways of incursion and features of the spatial spread of rabies virus (RABV) in ARR, which was considered rabies-free for 45 years. Methods: After the beginning of the outbreak, 1,450 animal brain samples were tested using a direct fluorescent antibody test. Genetic analysis of RABV isolates was carried out (n = 9). GIS was used to analyze the spatial spread of rabies in ARR and adjacent territories. Results: Rabies has been confirmed in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes ) - 38.8%, raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides ) - 10.2%, wolves (Canis lupus ) - 14.3%, dogs - 18.4% and farm animals - 18.3% (n = 49). The first cases were detected south of the ARR, 30 km from the state border between Russia and China. In 2018-2022, the RABV spread within the forest-steppe landscapes of the Zeya-Bureya Plain northwesterly; the maximum distance from the first recorded event was 192.4 km (Me = 77.6). According to a phylogenetic analysis, the isolates from ARR belonged to the Acrtic-like-2 RABV lineage and showed the maximum similarity to the isolates recovered in the province of Heilongjiang (China, 2011, 2018) and the Jewish Autonomous Region (Russia, 1980). Conclusion: Rabies was most likely introduced by wild carnivores from the adjacent territories of Russia or China, located downstream of the Amur River.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reemergence of arctic-like rabies virus in a rabies-free area in the Amur river basin

Botvinkin,

Poleshchuk,

Chupin

et al. 2023

One Health Implement Res

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Difficulties in diagnosing rabies using the example of a clinical case in the Omsk region

Puzyreva,

Poleshchuk,

Bardina

et al. 2024

Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases

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Rabies is the deadliest zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus, a member of the genus Lyssavirus. The disease occurs after a bite from a wild or domestic animal.The team of authors presents a clinical case of rabies with the difficulties of early diagnosis of the disease in a patient suffering from alcoholism, features of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory diagnostics. The victim sought medical help 20 days after the dog bite. On day 20, a hydrophobia clinic was observed. Signs of visual and auditory hallucinations, aggressiveness, and disorientation in place and time appeared, which resembled the development of alcoholic psychosis. When testing saliva samples collected on the 3rd day of the disease with PCR for the rabies virus, a negative result was obtained. On the 29th day, the patient died. The diagnosis of rabies was confirmed antemortem and posthumously. The virus was detected in saliva on the 9th day of the disease and posthumously in the cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and salivary glands. Histologically, Bebesh-Negri bodies were found in the brain tissue. The necessary preventive measures were carried out in full.The unfavorable outcome in the described case of rabies emphasizes the lack of awareness of the population (especially rural) about the risk of contracting rabies infection through contact with animals and the importance of timely post-exposure prophylaxis. Timely anti-rabies care remains the only effective means of preventing deaths from this disease.

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Immunochromatographic test-system for express diagnostics of rabies

Galeeva,

Nasyrov,

Kashevarov

et al. 2023

Agrarnaâ nauka

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Relevance. Rabies is included in the group of transmissible viral zooanthroponoses that globally affect public health and the public economy. In Russian Federation, according to the State Standard 26075-2013, the method of virus isolation is a priority for the diagnosis of rabies, followed by detection by the method of fluorescent antibodies (MFA), however, the call of the World Health Organization to abandon research using animals makes it relevant to further develop and improve diagnostic methods in vitro.The purpose of the study. Designing a test system based on immunochromatographic analysis (IHA) for rapid diagnosis of rabies.Methods. Colloidal gold nanoparticles (CGN) with an optimal diameter (25–30 nm) were synthesized by citrate reduction of chloroauric acid and morphometrically characterized by the results of transmission electron microscopy. The conjugation of CGN with anti-rabies antibodies was carried out by non-covalent cross-linking, as a result of which stable conjugates were obtained with an immobilization coefficient of 91.8 ± 1.7%.Results. The classical scheme of direct (sandwich) was used IHA, in which the liquid phase (a sample containing the desired antigen) binds to labeled specific antibodies and, during migration through the solid phase, forms a colored complex with applied specific antibodies in the test zone («sandwich» NCHKZ-antibody — antigen — antibody). ICA was performed with positive, negative and heterologous antigens. The results of the study of samples by ICA were in direct correlation with the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and MFA and demonstrated 100% specificity. The presented data confirm the functionality of ICA for the detection of rabies virus antigen in pathological material.

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Rabies re-emergence after long-term disease freedom (Amur Oblast, Russia)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Reemergence of arctic-like rabies virus in a rabies-free area in the Amur river basin

Reemergence of arctic-like rabies virus in a rabies-free area in the Amur river basin

Difficulties in diagnosing rabies using the example of a clinical case in the Omsk region

Immunochromatographic test-system for express diagnostics of rabies

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