Rabies Neglected Modes of Transmission in Pakistan

Abstract

Rabies is a contagious but preventable disease. While canine rabies remains the predominant mode of transmission in Pakistan, there are other under-recognized reservoirs and routes of exposure to rabies that pose a significant public health threat. This chapter delves into these neglected routes of rabies transmission, urging a comprehensive approach to rabies control and prevention. Bat-transmitted rabies, mongoose-transmitted rabies, and rabies transmitted through wildlife to human beings are also significant contributors to this disease. Fruit bats have wide-ranging foraging patterns that emerge as potential sources of fruit-borne transmission incidents. Interactions with wildlife are also a cherished aspect of Pakistani culture and warrant scrutiny. Transmission of rabies through professional activities also causes transmission to health care professionals and veterinarians. Ritual activities such as dog fights also spread this disease; fighting dogs also spread this disease ultimately to human beings. Rodents that are present in almost every region and contaminate every household in Pakistan also transmit this disease to human beings. Bites or scratches from seemingly docile or playful animals such as foxes, jackals, mongooses, etc. can spread the rabies virus. Public education initiatives emphasizing responsible wildlife interactions and prompt post-exposure prophylaxis are crucial in the prevention of rabies transmission. Ignoring these non-canine transmission pathways hinders effective rabies control. This chapter advocates for a multifaceted approach encompassing expanded surveillance of diverse animal reservoirs, targeted interventions tailored to specific transmission routes, and heightened public awareness about neglected vectors. Only through such holistic approaches can Pakistan effectively combat the multifaceted threat of rabies.