Rabies in Kazakhstan

Sultanov, Akhmetzhan A.; Abdrakhmanov, Sarsenbay; Abdybekova, А.M.; Karatayev, Bolat Sh.; Torgerson, Paul R.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004889

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover, findings of this study affirm with most literatures that dogs (62.41%) were responsible for majority of bite cases [2,15,17,18,22,24,26,27], followed by cat bite (36.75%. ), and other animals (0.84%) such as monkeys, horses, pigs and rabbit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Animal Bite Patterns and Implementation of Rabies Prevention and Control Program in Animal Bite Treatment Center

Garcia¹,

Abundabar²,

Cruz-Cambe³

et al. 2019

Nur Primary Care

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Rabies is a perennial fatal disease and animal bite is the major culprit. Over the decade, animal bite cases have been increasing in the Philippines [1]. This is a retrospective descriptive comparative quantitative research design. It aims to describe the pattern of characteristics of animal bite cases as well as to determine if there is a significant difference in the implementation of Rabies Prevention and Control Program (RPCP) in government and private Animal Bite Treatment Centers (ABTC) in Quezon Province both from the standpoint of patients and healthcare providers. It utilized convenience sampling in selecting the 200 patients and 10 Healthcare Workers (HCW) respondents. Records review and survey questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha of 0.84) were used to draw the information. Animal bite pattern in Quezon Province peaked during May, July and August having an ascending trend from 2016 to 2017. Female and age group above 15 years old are the most common victims of animal bites. Dogs are the most common culprits of animal bites, with the bites predominantly classified as category II. RPCP in government (WAM=4.87) and private (WAM=4.38) ABTC is often implemented as assessed by patients and HCW. Despite that RPCP is often implemented, findings revealed that its implementation is significantly different in government and private ABTC (p-value <.00001 at α level 0.01) as assessed by both patients and HCW. Despite the high extent of implementation of RPCP animal bite cases remains high and in ascending trend (26.35%). Identified areas needing improvement is deemed recommended to be corrected and monitored.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Animal Bite Patterns and Implementation of Rabies Prevention and Control Program in Animal Bite Treatment Center

Garcia¹,

Abundabar²,

Cruz-Cambe³

et al. 2019

Nur Primary Care

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“…DALYs have been adopted by the WHO to quantify the global burden of disease [14] and the global burden of foodborne diseases [15] . They can also be used in cost-effectiveness studies such as cost per DALY averted, for example rabies in Kazakhstan [16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

zDALY: An adjusted indicator to estimate the burden of zoonotic diseases

et al. 2018

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The burden of human diseases in populations, or for an individual, is frequently estimated in terms of one of a number of Health Adjusted Life Years (HALYs). The Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is a widely accepted HALY metric and is used by the World Health Organization and the Global Burden of Disease studies. Many human diseases are of animal origin and often cause ill health and production losses in domestic animals. The economic losses due to disease in animals are usually estimated in monetary terms. The monetary impact on animal health is not compatible with HALY approaches used to measure the impact on human health. To estimate the societal burden of zoonotic diseases that have substantial human and animal disease burden we propose methodology which can be accommodated within the DALY framework. Monetary losses due to the animal disease component of a zoonotic disease can be converted to an equivalent metric using a local gross national income per capita deflator. This essentially gives animal production losses a time trade-off for human life years. This is the time required to earn the income needed to replace that financial loss. This can then be assigned a DALY equivalent, termed animal loss equivalents (ALE), and added to the DALY associated with human ill health to give a modified DALY. This is referred to as the “zDALY”. ALEs could also be estimated using willingness-to-pay for animal health or survey tools to estimate the replacement time value for animals with high societal or emotional value (for example pets) that cannot be calculated directly using monetary worth. Thus the zDALY estimates the impact of a zoonotic disease to animal and human health. The losses due to the animal disease component of the modified DALY are straightforward to calculate. A number of worked examples such as echinococcosis, brucellosis, Q fever and cysticercosis from a diverse spectrum of countries with different levels of economic development illustrate the use of the zDALY indicator.

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“…The 1,334 human cases of brucellosis resulted in an estimated 713 DALYs which is higher than the burden of disease compared to that reported for rabies in Kazakhstan (Sultanov, Abdrakhmanov, Abdybekova, Karatayev, & Torgerson, ). The burden of disease is similar to that in neighbouring Kyrgyzstan (Counotte, Minbaeva, Usubalieva, Abdykerimov, & Torgerson, ), although the population of Kazakhstan is somewhat larger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Economic and health burden of brucellosis in Kazakhstan

Charypkhan

Sultanov

Ivanov

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease considered as an emerging and re‐emerging disease with a resulting threat of public health and animal health. Official reports document an animal incidence in Kazakhstan of about 0.6% per year, and the country still registers high number of human cases annually . The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the distribution and economic impact of brucellosis in Kazakhstan. We analysed human disease incidence data obtained from the Government Sanitary & Epidemiological Service with the aim to estimate the burden of disease in terms of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs). We also estimated the economic impact in terms of monetary losses. Additionally, we mapped the geographical distribution of the disease throughout Kazakhstan. In total, 1,334 human cases of brucellosis were registered in 2015 in Kazakhstan that resulted in 713 DALYs. Around $21 million was spent on compensation for animals that had to be slaughtered due to brucellosis, and an additional $24 million was spent on testing animals. Animal brucellosis and human brucellosis occur throughout the whole country, some trends of which are reviewed in this paper. We estimated the burden of the disease and explored possible explanation for high human incidence rates. This paper is the first to estimate the human burden of disease and the economic costs in Kazakhstan. Both of these are substantial.

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Rabies in Kazakhstan

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Animal Bite Patterns and Implementation of Rabies Prevention and Control Program in Animal Bite Treatment Center

Animal Bite Patterns and Implementation of Rabies Prevention and Control Program in Animal Bite Treatment Center

zDALY: An adjusted indicator to estimate the burden of zoonotic diseases

Economic and health burden of brucellosis in Kazakhstan

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