Rabies in Bats in Florida

Schneider, Nathan J.; Scatterday, James E.; Lewis, Arthur L.; Jennings, William L.; Venters, Homer; Hardy, Albert V.

doi:10.2105/ajph.47.8.983

Cited by 46 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in 1954 in California and Texas (Sullivan et al 1954, Enright et al 1955), although the virus was likely to be widely circulating in bats long before its detection (Hughes et al 2005). The initial detection of RABV infection in bats prompted multiple surveillance studies, and RABV-infected Brazilian free-tailed bats were detected across their geographic range in the southern United States (Burns and Farinacci 1955, Burns et al 1956a, 1956b, Schneider et al 1957, Maddy et al 1958, Glass 1959, Dean et al 1960, Richardson et al 1966. Die-offs of several thousand Brazilian free-tailed bats in New Mexico (1955,1956) and Texas (1955) prompted additional surveillance of Brazilian free-tailed bat maternity colonies in the southwestern United States, although RABV infection was confirmed in low proportions of moribund bats collected during periods of massive mortality (Constantine et al 1968).…”

Section: R Abies Virus (Rabv) Infection Was First Reported Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Rabies Virus Exposure in Colonies of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at Natural and Man-Made Roosts in Texas

Turmelle

Allen

Jackson

et al. 2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Previous studies have investigated rabies virus (RABV) epizootiology in Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in natural cave roosts. However, little is known about geographic variation in RABV exposure, or if the use of man-made roosts by this species affects enzootic RABV infection dynamics within colonies. We sampled rabies viral neutralizing antibodies in bats at three bridge and three cave roosts at multiple time points during the reproductive season to investigate temporal and roost variation in RABV exposure. We report seropositive bats in all age and sex classes with minimal geographic variation in RABV seroprevalence among Brazilian free-tailed bat colonies in south-central Texas. While roost type was not a significant predictor of RABV seroprevalence, it was significantly associated with seasonal fluctuations, suggesting patterns of exposure that differ between roosts. Temporal patterns suggest increased RABV seroprevalence after parturition in cave colonies, potentially related to an influx of susceptible young, in contrast to more uniform seroprevalence in bridge colonies. This study highlights the importance of life history and roost ecology in understanding patterns of RABV seroprevalence in colonies of the Brazilian free-tailed bat.

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Section: R Abies Virus (Rabv) Infection Was First Reported Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Rabies Virus Exposure in Colonies of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at Natural and Man-Made Roosts in Texas

Turmelle

Allen

Jackson

et al. 2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Surveillance studies performed by state health departments, however, reject that either the bat species or the rabies variants are common. The prevalence of rabies in bat populations in the United States is estimated to be !1% among bats sampled randomly from natural populations and 3%-25% among bats submitted to state health departments [15,[28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Prevalence Of the Ln/ps Variants And The Influence Of Seasonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Epidemiology of Bat‐Associated Cryptic Cases of Rabies in Humans in the United States

2002

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In the United States, during the past half-century, the number of humans to die of rabies dramatically decreased to an average of 1-2 per year. Although the number of deaths is low, most deaths occur because individuals are unaware that they had been exposed to and infected with rabies virus, and, therefore, they do not seek effective postexposure treatment. Molecular epidemiological studies have linked most of these cryptic rabies exposures to rabies virus variants associated with insectivorous bats. In particular, virus variants associated with 2 relatively reclusive species, the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and the eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus), are the unexpected culprits of most cryptic cases of rabies in humans.

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“…The prevalence of RABV infection in submitted bats was lowest in M. lucifugus (1.2%), and highest in L. cinereus and T. brasiliensis, both at 24% (Smith et al, 1995). Surveillance studies indicate a prevalence of rabies virus in <1% of randomly sampled bats (viral RNA detection), and between 3% and 25% among bats submitted to state health departments (Brass, 1994;Schneider et al, 1957;Constantine, 1967a;Trimarchi and Debbie, 1977;Childs et al, 1994;Yancey et al, 1997;Trimarchi, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

European bat lyssaviruses: Distribution, prevalence and implications for conservation

Brookes²,

Jones

et al. 2006

Biological Conservation

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Surveillance European bat lyssavirus Rabies Zoonoses Conservation A B S T R A C T Worldwide, there are more than 1100 species of the Order Chiroptera, 45 of which are present in Europe, and 16 in the UK. Bats are reservoirs of, or can be infected by, several viral diseases, including rabies virus strains (in the Lyssavirus genus). Within this genus are bat variants that have been recorded in Europe; European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1), European bat lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2) and, four currently unclassified isolates. Since 1977, 783 cases of EBLVs (by isolation of viral RNA) have been recorded in Europe. EBLV-1 or EBLV-2 has been identified in 12 bat species, with over 95% of EBLV-1 infections identified in Eptesicus serotinus. EBLV-2 is associated with Myotis species (Myotis daubentonii and Myotis dasycneme). A programme of passive surveillance in the United Kingdom between 1987 and 2004 tested 4871 bats for lyssaviruses. Of these, four M. daubentonii (3.57% of submitted M. daubentonii)were positive for EBLV-2. Potential bias in the passive surveillance includes possible overrepresentation of synanthropic species and regional biases caused by varying bat submission numbers from different parts of the UK. In 2003, active surveillance in the UK began, and has detected an antibody prevalence level of 1-5% of EBLV-2 in M. daubentonii (n = 350), and one bat with antibodies to EBLV-1 in E. serotinus (n = 52). No cases of live lyssavirus infection or lyssavirus viral RNA have been detected through active surveillance. Further research and monitoring regarding prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis and immunity is required to ensure that integrated bat conservation continues throughout Europe, whilst enabling informed policy decision regarding both human and wildlife health issues.

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Rabies in Bats in Florida

Cited by 46 publications

References 5 publications

Ecology of Rabies Virus Exposure in Colonies of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at Natural and Man-Made Roosts in Texas

Ecology of Rabies Virus Exposure in Colonies of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at Natural and Man-Made Roosts in Texas

Emerging Epidemiology of Bat‐Associated Cryptic Cases of Rabies in Humans in the United States

European bat lyssaviruses: Distribution, prevalence and implications for conservation

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