Rabies Epidemiological Situation in Poland in 2009 and 2010

Smreczak, Marcin; Orłowska, Anna; Trębas, Paweł; Zmudzinski, J.F.

doi:10.2478/v10213-012-0022-4

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This could have been caused by illegal import of pet animals. 20 In 2015, Poland recorded a lower number of rabies cases compared with the previous 3 y period (2012)(2013)(2014). 15 Although the red fox remains the main rabies reservoir in Europe, the cases of rabies in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonides) has increased in North-Eastern Europe and in Baltic countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To minimize the risk of rabies ORV for foxes, mass vaccination of domestic animals, proper pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis in humans followed by public information campaigns should be continued in all parts of Poland. 20 It should also be pointed that even rabies-free European countries regularly report imported cases of rabies, mainly in pets. Illegal importation of infected animals poses a threat of rabies introduction into rabies-free areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in humans exposed to animals in Lublin province (Eastern Poland) in 2012–2015 – A retrospective study

Krzowska-Firych

Tomasiewicz

Kozøowska

2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Rabies continues to be one of the most important viral diseases and remains a significant threat to public health across the globe. The post-exposure prophylaxis in humans can effectively prevent death after exposure to a potentially infected animal. In Poland, recommendations for rabies PEP followed the national guidelines which recommend that people should receive PEP when bitten by an animal suspected to be infected by rabies. PEP in humans includes cleansing and disinfecting the wound or point of contact, and administering anti-rabies immunization. Rabies vaccine should be given for contacts of category II and category III exposures. RIG should be given for category III contact. The vaccination schedule includes 5 doses given within a 30 day period (the Essen regimen).The aim. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of post-exposure prophylaxis among patients exposed to animals and also to assess the animal species suspected as a source of rabies exposure.Methods. We have retrospectively analyzed medical records from the years 2012-2015 of all adult patients who were exposed to animals and consulted at the Dispensary of Rabies Prophylaxis in the Department of Infectious Diseases at the Medical University in Lublin, Poland. All consulted patients were asked to give an informed consent in case of decision to use collected data for future research work.Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Lublin, Poland, and all patients included in this study gave an informed consent during consultation after the exposure to animals.Results. During the studied 4-year period, 511 persons exposed to animals were consulted and prophylactic procedure consisting of active immunization were applied in 54.2% of the total consulted. Dogs and cats were the most common animal species suspected as the source of the rabies exposure. Anti-rabies prophylaxis was applied in 45.8% of all vaccinated patients exposed to dogs, and in 24.2% exposed to cats. All patients with bite wounds were consulted at the Department of Surgery and wound care followed surgical recommendations. In the study group, 45 patients had category III contact. There were 38 patients exposed to dogs, and 7 exposed to cats. There were no people exposed to wildlife in this group. All animals were available for veterinary observation. During and after exposure, none of the animals that serve as a potential source of infection presented with symptoms of rabies. The local epidemiological data indicated that during exposures of our patients, there were no confirmed cases of rabies among animals in Lublin province. Based on the data mentioned above, RIG was not applied.During the studied period in Lublin province, rabies was confirmed mainly in wildlife, and only in 2 dogs.Conclusions. In Lublin province, people are still at risk of exposure to rabid animals. The majority of our patients were vaccinated after domestic animals exposure, but rabies was confirmed mainly in wildlife, and since 2013, there were no ca...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in humans exposed to animals in Lublin province (Eastern Poland) in 2012–2015 – A retrospective study

Krzowska-Firych

Tomasiewicz

Kozøowska

2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Działania te, pomimo że były skuteczne, okazały się krótkoterminowe, gdyż począwszy od początku lat 60. wystąpił znaczny wzrost przypadków wścieklizny u zwierząt wolno żyjących, głównie u lisów rudych, które stały się podstawowym rezerwuarem wirusa. Podobną tendencję stwierdzono również w innych krajach europejskich (5,9,16,17 (3,(12)(13)(14)(15). Podobne akcje prowadzone są w większości krajów europejskich (2,4).…”

Section: Praca Oryginalnaunclassified

“…Jednocześnie uzyskane dane wskazują, że w ponad 80% wirusa stwierdzano u lisów wolno żyjących, co jest potwierdzeniem, że w dalszym ciągu pozostają one podstawowym rezerwuarem zarazka. Potwierdzają to również wcześniejsze badania w zakresie stwierdzania wścieklizny u poszczególnych gatunków zwierząt dzikich i domowych (3,10,12,13,15,16).…”

Section: Ryc 1 Liczba Przypadków Wścieklizny U Zwierząt W Okresie Ounclassified

“…Kontynuowanie rozpoczętych w 1993 r. i rozszerzonych w 2003 r. działań profilaktycznych ocenić należy jako wysoce skuteczne i przynoszące efekty w postaci zmniejszenia liczby przypadków wścieklizny u zwierząt dzikich i prawie całkowite wyeliminowanie wirusa u zwierząt domowych. Potwierdzają to wcześniejsze opracowania w tym zakresie (12,15).…”

Section: Ryc 1 Liczba Przypadków Wścieklizny U Zwierząt W Okresie Ounclassified

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Effectiveness of oral immunization of free-living foxes in the reduction of rabies in Poland in 2011-2015

Flis¹,

Grela²,

Gugała³

2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryThe paper presents the epidemiological situation of rabies in Poland in the period of 2011-2015, as well as discusses the effectiveness and costs of a national campaign of oral immunization of free-living foxes that has been carried out since 2002. It also evaluates the impact of the preventive measures on the dynamics of the number of foxes. During the study period, a decrease in the number of confirmed rabies cases in wild and domestic animals was recorded, but the primary reservoir of the virus continued to be free-living foxes. The high effectiveness of vaccination, evaluated by detailed laboratory tests, contributed significantly to the level of foxes immunization, which was also confirmed by ecological assessment. However, in some voivodeships and in some years of the study, the level of immunization was mediocre, as demonstrated by the results from 2015, when only every second fox examined had acquired resistance as a result of preventive vaccination. Despite the relatively high cost of these preventive measures, which include the cost of the vaccine and its distribution in the field, it seems necessary to continue the oral immunization of foxes, initiated in 1993 and expanded throughout the country in 2002. The dramatic decrease in the incidence of rabies in animals directly reduces epidemiological risks. Undoubtedly, a negative aspect of the aforementioned campaign is a persistently large and growing population of foxes and its adverse impact on the functioning of the main small animal species, as well as the possibility of an increased epizootic risk of other diseases affecting foxes. In this situation, it seems necessary to intensify the culling of foxes.

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The first report evaluating the post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in children exposed to animals in the Lublin Province (Eastern Poland) in 2010–2016 – a retrospective study

Krzowska-Firych

Mazurek²,

Hasiec³

et al. 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The number of rabid animals in the Lublin Province had decreased to low levels, but the expected decrease in the number of PEP's administered did not occur. Since all children were vaccinated in accordance with the recommendations, the possible reason for vaccination's being administered in the quantities greater than the number of rabid animals recorded in the Lublin Province are bites by animals unavailable for veterinary observations and also the lack of more frequent reports regarding the current epizootic situation of rabies. The use of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) in children in the Lublin Province is at a very low level, i.e. at 0.58%. The yearly numbers of exposed pediatric patients were at similar levels, which indicates that education programs should be introduce to reduce the number of animal bites in children.

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Rabies Epidemiological Situation in Poland in 2009 and 2010

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in humans exposed to animals in Lublin province (Eastern Poland) in 2012–2015 – A retrospective study

Post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in humans exposed to animals in Lublin province (Eastern Poland) in 2012–2015 – A retrospective study

Effectiveness of oral immunization of free-living foxes in the reduction of rabies in Poland in 2011-2015

The first report evaluating the post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in children exposed to animals in the Lublin Province (Eastern Poland) in 2010–2016 – a retrospective study

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