Rabies burden in Côte d'Ivoire

Kallo, Vessaly; Keita, Zakaria; Boka, Marcel; Tetchi, Mathilde; Dagnogo, Komissiri; Ouattara, Max; Amalaman, Djedou Martin; Traoré, Sylvain G.; Gerber, Felix; Léchenne, Monique; Hattendorf, Jan; Hampson, Katie; Alambédji, Rianatou Bada; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Zinsstag, Jakob

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106249

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several studies [23][24][25] have explored rabies surveillance in the western region of Cameroon, in line with WHO recommendations highlighting the importance of involving communities and health facilities at all levels of the health system [26]. To this end, the 658 participants involved in this study included 273 health professionals of which 235 were rabies surveillance focal points and 38 were zoo technical station managers, while 385 respondents were community members and victims of dog bites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of rabies control and challenges to the intersectoral management of dog bites in Western Cameroon

Djuikoue,

Toutcho,

Savadogo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Rabies is a zoonotic and a typical One Health challenge. Intersectoral surveillance is a critical component of rabies control programmes. However, the under-reporting of animal bite cases and the lack of coordination between sectors involved in the surveillance may lead to failure in the control efforts of this public health concern. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the operational level. Two separate survey grids were used for simultaneous data collection in the study sites, including 385 dog bite victims within communities and 273 human health and animal health professionals responsible for rabies surveillance in health and veterinary facilities Results: There was no association (OR: 0,76; CI: 0,452-1,39 and p=0.38) between data loss and professional profile of the surveillance focal points; however, there was a significant association between the under-reporting of physical aggression cases of dog bites by victims and the level of education (OR: 1.75; IC:1.02-2.99 and P=0.0413), and with individuals younger than 20 years and those over 50 years of age (OR:0.39; CI:0.16-0.96 and p=0.0415). Indeed, there was a positively and statistically significant association (OR: 3.11; CI: 1.94-5.00 and p<0.0001) between knowledge of rabies with under-reporting of dog bites by community members; while negatively associated CI: 0.52-1.82 and p=0.9226) with the level of education. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the under-performance in case reporting whether the surveillance focal points had received prior training on rabies surveillance (OR: 1.14; CI: 0.64-2.01 and p=0.66), had knowledge of operational case definition (OR: 0.93; CI: 0.54- 1.58 and p=0.7851) or /and knew the manifestation of rabies (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.51-1.51and p=0.6408). Conclusion: The under-reporting of rabies bites in the West region of Cameroon is as a consequence of negligence and lack of application of the one health approach on rabies surveillance by the surveillance focal points in District health sectors, leading to the no-exhaustive collection and patchy dissemination of dog bite data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of rabies control and challenges to the intersectoral management of dog bites in Western Cameroon

Djuikoue,

Toutcho,

Savadogo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Due to its invariably fatal outcome, achieving canine-mediated rabies elimination requires a sustained reduction in human fatalities through a One Health approach to epidemiologic analyses and understanding of factors driving RABV transmission [1]. Previous studies have used data on dog bite occurrences to estimate the number of human rabies deaths [3,[7][8][9]. Such data may be utilised to identify locally relevant modifiable factors associated with RABV perpetuation to break the transmission cycle and avert such deaths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling modifiable factors associated with the probability of human rabies deaths among self-reported victims of dog bites in Abuja, Nigeria

Mshelbwala

Magalhães

Weese³

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Canine-mediated rabies kills tens of thousands of people annually in lesser-developed communities of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, primarily through bites from infected dogs. Multiple rabies outbreaks have been associated with human deaths in Nigeria. However, the lack of quality data on human rabies hinders advocacy and resource allocation for effective prevention and control. We obtained 20 years of dog bite surveillance data across 19 major hospitals in Abuja, incorporating modifiable and environmental covariates. To overcome the challenge of missing information, we used a Bayesian approach with expert-solicited prior information to jointly model missing covariate data and the additive effects of the covariates on the predicted probability of human death after rabies virus exposure. Only 1155 cases of dog bites were recorded throughout the study period, out of which 4.2% (N = 49) died of rabies. The odds for risk of human death were predicted to decrease among individuals who were bitten by owned dogs compared to those bitten by free-roaming dogs. Similarly, there was a predicted decrease in the probability of human death among victims bitten by vaccinated dogs compared to those bitten by unvaccinated dogs. The odds for the risk of human death after bitten individuals received rabies prophylaxis were predicted to decrease compared to no prophylaxis. We demonstrate the practical application of a regularised Bayesian approach to model sparse dog bite surveillance data to uncover risk factors for human rabies, with broader applications in other endemic rabies settings with similar profiles. The low reporting observed in this study underscores the need for community engagement and investment in surveillance to increase data availability. Better data on bite cases will help to estimate the burden of rabies in Nigeria and would be important to plan effective prevention and control of this disease.

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Rabies in the Tropics

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review Rabies is an ancient yet still neglected tropical disease (NTD). This review focuses upon highlights of recent research and peer-reviewed communications on the underestimated tropical burden of disease and its management due to the complicated dynamics of virulent viral species, diverse mammalian reservoirs, and tens of millions of exposed humans and animals – and how laboratory-based surveillance at each level informs upon pathogen spread and risks of transmission, for targeted prevention and control. Recent Findings While both human and rabies animal cases in enzootic areas over the past 5 years were reported to PAHO/WHO and OIE by member countries, still there is a huge gap between these “official” data and the need for enhanced surveillance efforts to meet global program goals. Summary A review of the complex aspects of rabies perpetuation in human, domestic animal, and wildlife communities, coupled with a high fatality rate despite the existence of efficacious biologics (but no therapeutics), warrants the need for a One Health approach toward detection via improved laboratory-based surveillance, with focal management at the viral source. More effective methods to prevent the spread of rabies from enzootic to free zones are needed.

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Rabies burden in Côte d'Ivoire

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Awareness of rabies control and challenges to the intersectoral management of dog bites in Western Cameroon

Awareness of rabies control and challenges to the intersectoral management of dog bites in Western Cameroon

Modelling modifiable factors associated with the probability of human rabies deaths among self-reported victims of dog bites in Abuja, Nigeria

Rabies in the Tropics

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