Rabies

Plotkin, Stanley А.

doi:10.1086/313632

Cited by 99 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, typical signs of rabies are very distinct and a misdiagnosis is unusual. The distinct late-stage clinical signs of rabies together with history of a dog bite mean that although misdiagnosis of other viral encephalitides remains a possibility, it is unlikely [64]. Fifth, the limited manpower restricts the ability of the veterinary authorities to respond to all reported cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study on the Epidemiology of Anthrax, Foot and Mouth Disease, Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, Peste des Petits Ruminants and Rabies in Bangladesh, 2010-2012

Mondal¹,

Yamage²

2014

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthrax, foot and mouth disease (FMD), haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS), peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and rabies are considered to be endemic in Bangladesh. This retrospective study was conducted to understand the geographic and seasonal distribution of these major infectious diseases in livestock based on data collected through passive surveillance from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012. Data analysis for this period revealed 5,937 cases of anthrax, 300,333 of FMD, 13,436 of HS, 247,783 of PPR and 14,085 cases of dog bite/rabies. While diseases were reported in almost every district of the country, the highest frequency of occurrence corresponded to the susceptible livestock population in the respective districts. There was no significant difference in the disease occurrences between districts bordering India/Myanmar and non-border districts (p>0.05). Significantly higher (p<0.01) numbers of anthrax (84.5%), FMD (88.3%), HS (84.9%) and dog bite/rabies (64.3%) cases were reported in cattle than any other species. PPR cases were reported mostly (94.8%) in goats with only isolated cases (5.2%) in sheep. The diseases occur throughout the year with peak numbers reported during June through September and lowest during December through April, with significant differences (p<0.01) between the months. The annual usages of vaccines for anthrax, FMD, HS and PPR were only 7.31%, 0.61%, 0.84% and 11.59% of the susceptible livestock population, respectively. Prophylactic vaccination against rabies was 21.16% of cases. There were significant differences (p<0.01) in the administration of anthrax, FMD and HS vaccines between border and non-border districts, but not PPR or rabies vaccines. We recommend that surveillance and reporting of these diseases need to be improved throughout the country. Furthermore, all suspected clinical cases should be confirmed by laboratory examination. The findings of this study can be used in the formulation of more effective disease management and control strategies, including appropriate vaccination policies in Bangladesh.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study on the Epidemiology of Anthrax, Foot and Mouth Disease, Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, Peste des Petits Ruminants and Rabies in Bangladesh, 2010-2012

Mondal¹,

Yamage²

2014

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One commonly voiced concern is that the observed increase in the number of cases in China might simply be attributed to an improved surveillance program and misdiagnosis of rabies cases [29], [30]. This is unlikely for a number of reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, rabies surveillance data in China also includes background information for each incident and 85%–95% of reported cases can be associated with a dog bite [9]. The distinct late-stage symptoms of rabies together with the history of a dog bite means that, although misdiagnosis of other viral encephalitides remains a possibility, it is unlikely [29]. Additionally, the epidemiology of current rabies cases is not consistent with observed encephalitis outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, this percentage is consistent with earlier studies in China [10], [28] as well as studies in other countries experiencing rabies epidemics where larger numbers of samples were also collected from dog populations in regions where human cases had been reported and which were subsequently tested in the laboratory. For example, Vietnam reported 2 positives out of 72 (2.8%) canine samples in the former province of Hà Tây, and 5 positives out of 53 (9.4%) samples in Hô Chí Minh city [29]; Guatemala reported 25%–30% positive in dog populations sampled in the town of Todos Santos [30]; and in Bali in 2010, 144 out of 3,300 (4.8%) tested samples were positive which decreased to 67 out of 2311 (2.8%) in 2011 after the effects of widespread vaccination [31]. As more dog samples are collected as part of the National Surveillance Program it will be possible to combine these data to obtain more accurate estimates of the prevalence of rabies in the dog population in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Rabies in China

Yu¹,

Li²,

Tang³

et al. 2012

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and ObjectivesRecent years have seen a rapid increase in the number of rabies cases in China and an expansion in the geographic distribution of the virus. In spite of the seriousness of the outbreak and increasing number of fatalities, little is known about the phylogeography of the disease in China. In this study, we report an analysis of a set of Nucleocapsid sequences consisting of samples collected through the trial Chinese National Surveillance System as well as publicly available sequences. This sequence set represents the most comprehensive dataset from China to date, comprising 210 sequences (including 57 new samples) from 15 provinces and covering all epidemic regions. Using this dataset we investigated genetic diversity, patterns of distribution, and evolutionary history.ResultsOur analysis indicates that the rabies virus in China is primarily defined by two clades that exhibit distinct population subdivision and translocation patterns and that contributed to the epidemic in different ways. The younger clade originated around 1992 and has properties that closely match the observed spread of the recent epidemic. The older clade originated around 1960 and has a dispersion pattern that suggests it represents a strain associated with a previous outbreak that remained at low levels throughout the country and reemerged in the current epidemic.ConclusionsOur findings provide new insight into factors associated with the recent epidemic and are relevant to determining an effective policy for controlling the virus.

show abstract

“…Rabies is a neurologic disease with close to a 100% case-fatality rate; once clinical signs appear, it is almost always untreatable ( 1 ). After a person is exposed to rabies, death can be prevented only if treatment, commonly referred to as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), is initiated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%