Rabbit Coccidiosis and Its Control : A Review

Bhat, T. K.; Jithendran, K. P.; Kurade, N. P.

doi:10.4995/wrs.1996.269

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The most notable of rabbit diseases is coccidiosis which causes massive economic losses in rabbit production [1, 2]. Coccidiosis results in high mortality and morbidity especially among weaner rabbits [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coccidiosis results in high mortality and morbidity especially among weaner rabbits [2]. Thirteen Eimeria species with varied pathogenicity are known to cause coccidiosis in rabbits [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirteen Eimeria species with varied pathogenicity are known to cause coccidiosis in rabbits [1]. Two forms of coccidiosis exist in rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ): intestinal coccidiosis where the invading protozoan target epithelial cells of different regions of the intestines resulting in moderate to severe damage depending on the virulence of the species [3] and hepatic coccidiosis where the predilection site of E. stiedae is the liver [2, 4]. Though most hepatic infections are mild, severe cases can result in progressive emaciation, hepatomegaly with slightly raised yellowish-white nodules, or cords develop which later on tend to coalesce thereby interfering with liver function [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prophylactic and therapeutic use of toltrazuril have recorded good results in countries where they are used [14–17]. In India, amprosol, bifuran, and sulpha-based drugs have been widely used for prevention of rabbit coccidiosis [2]. Prophylactic and curative use of diclazuril against rabbit coccidiosis has recorded impressive results in Italy, France, and Spain [1, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Sulphachloropyrazine, Amprolium Hydrochloride, Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, and Diclazuril against Experimental and Natural Rabbit Coccidiosis

Ogolla

Gathumbi

Waruiru

et al. 2018

Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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There are no anticoccidial drugs labelled for rabbits in Kenya and those available are used as extra labels from poultry. The drugs are used in rabbits with limited knowledge of their efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of sulphachloropyrazine, amprolium hydrochloride, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole relative to diclazuril when used curatively against experimental and natural rabbit coccidiosis. In a controlled laboratory trial, sixty (60) rabbits were randomly allocated to six treatment groups, namely, 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D, 5E, and 6F, each with 10 rabbits. Groups 2B, 3C, 4D, 5E, and 6F were experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria species while group 1A served as uninfected-untreated (negative) control group. Four of the infected groups were treated with sulphachloropyrazine (5E), amprolium hydrochloride (2B), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (6F), and diclazuril (4D) using dosages recommended by manufacturers. Group 3C served as infected-untreated (positive) control. A field efficacy trial in naturally infected rabbits was then undertaken. The results revealed that sulphachloropyrazine and diclazuril were effective against rabbit clinical coccidiosis by significantly reducing oocyst counts from 149.00±110.39 x 104 to 3.31±0.86 x 104 Eimeria spp. oocysts per gram of feces (opg) and 59.70±12.35 x 104 to 0.0±0.0 x 104 opg, respectively, in the laboratory trial. Similarly, sulphachloropyrazine and diclazuril recorded reduced oocyst counts in the field trial from 280.33±44.67 x 103 to 0.44±0.14 x 103 opg and 473.44±176.01 x 103 to 0.0±0.0 x 103 opg, respectively. Still, sulphachloropyrazine and diclazuril showed superior efficacy by registering lesion scores and fecal scores close to those of uninfected untreated control group. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole recorded a satisfactory efficacy in the field trial by recording reduced oocyst counts from 266.78±37.03 x 103 to 0.75±0.11 x 103 opg but was not efficacious in the laboratory trial. Amprolium hydrochloride was not efficacious against clinical coccidiosis in both the experimental and field trials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coccidiosis results in high mortality and morbidity especially among weaner rabbits [2]. Thirteen Eimeria species with varied pathogenicity are known to cause coccidiosis in rabbits [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Efficacy of Sulphachloropyrazine, Amprolium Hydrochloride, Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, and Diclazuril against Experimental and Natural Rabbit Coccidiosis

Ogolla

Gathumbi

Waruiru

et al. 2018

Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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“…The causal agent of this disease is the sporozoan parasite, Eimeria which spend its life cycle via fast and invasive multiplication within intestinal tract causing tissue damage and induces severe local and systemic inflammatory response (Dkhil et al , 2013aAlQuraishi et al 2012) leading to diminished feed intake and nutrient absorption, reduced body-weight gain, dehydration, blood loss, and increased susceptibility to other diseases (Gres et al 2003). Thus, it causes huge economic loss in the field of animal farming, milk and meat production (Licois et al 1992;Bhat et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-coccidial and anti-apoptotic activities of palm pollen grains on Eimeria papillata-induced infection in mice

2013

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The present work aimed to study the effect of palm pollen extract (PPE) as an anticoccidial and anti-apoptotic modulator during the course of murine intestinal Eimeria papillata infection. The fact that PPE has an anticoccidial efficacy against intestinal E. papillata infection in mice has been clarified by the reduction of faecal output of oocysts on day five post infection from 49.5 × 10 3 to 34 × 10 3 oocyst/g. Moreover, the number of intracellular eimerian stages of zygots and developing oocysts decreased by about 89% and that of schizonts and gamonts to 42% and 72%, respectively. E. papillata infection also induced an increase in the number of apoptotic cells from 17.5 to 122.8 apoptotic nuclei/10 villous crypt units (VCU). In addition, it caused a state of systemic inflammatory response as revealed by an elevation in levels of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from 5.3 and 78.3 to 33 pmol ml −1 and 96.3 pg ml −1 in blood, respectively, with concurrent duplication in the total leucocytic number. Upon treatment of infected mice with the aqueous PPE, the activity of iNOs was reduced by 55% and the level of TNF-α was decreased by 30%. Moreover, the total leucocytic count was significantly reduced from 9.05 × 10 3 to 7.8 × 10 3 cells/mm 3 . Based on our results, PPE showed both anti-coccidial, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. So it can be used in developing new herbal medicine against animal coccidiosis and may be suitable agent for treating eimeriosis associated inflammatory response.

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