Ra Tracer‐Based Study of Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Associated Nutrient Fluxes into the Bohai Sea, China: A Highly Human‐Affected Marginal Sea

Liu, Jianan; Du, Jinzhou; Yi, Long

doi:10.1002/2017jc013095

Cited by 67 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium) were analyzed using a nutrient automatic analyzer (Auto Analyzer 3, SEAL Analytical, USA) in the laboratory. The limits of the detection were 0.14 µmol L −1 for nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium, with the precision of the method found to be better than 3 % (Liu et al, 2005).…”

Section: Station Locationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Nitric oxide (NO) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived compound of the marine nitrogen cycle; however, our knowledge about its oceanic distribution and turnover is rudimentary. Here we present the measurements of dissolved NO in the surface and bottom layers at 75 stations in the Bohai Sea (BS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) in June 2011. Moreover, NO photoproduction rates were determined at 27 stations in both seas. The NO concentrations in the surface and bottom layers were highly variable and ranged from below the limit of detection (i.e., 32 pmol L−1) to 616 pmol L−1 in the surface layer and 482 pmol L−1 in the bottom layer. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean NO concentrations in the surface (186±108 pmol L−1) and bottom (174±123 pmol L−1) layers. A decreasing trend of NO in bottom-layer concentrations with salinity indicates a NO input by submarine groundwater discharge. NO in the surface layer was supersaturated at all stations during both day and night and therefore the BS and YS were a persistent source of NO to the atmosphere at the time of our measurements. The average flux was about 4.5×10-16 mol cm−2 s−1 and the flux showed significant positive relationship with the wind speed. The accumulation of NO during daytime was a result of photochemical production, and photoproduction rates were correlated to illuminance. The persistent nighttime NO supersaturation pointed to an unidentified NO dark production. NO sea-to-air flux densities were much lower than the NO photoproduction rates. Therefore, we conclude that the bulk of the NO produced in the mixed layer was rapidly consumed before its release to the atmosphere.

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Section: Station Locationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Nitric oxide (NO) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

et al. 2019

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“…Firstly, the dSi SGD inputs largely exceed the dSi riverine inputs by a factor of about 3-16 times for the BS, YS, and ECS (e.g. Ding et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2017a;Liu et al, 2017b;Wang et al, 2018b;Wu et al, 2017). Secondly, the bSi production seem to be mostly (62-90%) maintained by the recycling of Si (Li et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2020), which is unusual for coastal systems (Tréguer & De La Rocha, 2013).…”

Section: Chinese Seasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: The biogeochemical cycle of silicon in the modern ocean

Tréguer¹,

Sutton²,

Brzezinski³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The element silicon (Si) is required for the growth of silicified organisms in marine environments, such as diatoms, which consume vast amounts of Si together with N, P, and C, connecting the biogeochemical cycles of these elements. Thus, understanding the Si cycle in the ocean is critical for understanding issues such as carbon sequestration by the ocean's biological pump. In this review, we show that recent advances in process studies indicate that total Si inputs and outputs, to and from the world ocean, are 57 % and 18 % higher, respectively, than previous estimates. We also update the total ocean silicic acid inventory value, which is about 24 % higher than previously estimated. These changes are significant, modifying factors such as the geochemical residence time of Si, which is now about 8000 years and two times faster than previously assumed. In addition, we present an updated value of the global annual pelagic biogenic silica production (255 Tmol-Si yr−1) based on new data from 49 field studies and 18 model outputs, and provide a first estimate of the global annual benthic biogenic silica production due to sponges (6 Tmol-Si yr−1). Given these important modifications, we address the steady state hypothesis of the Si cycle for past and modern oceans, and propose a possible steady state scenario for the global ocean (inputs = outputs = 14.8 Tmol-Si yr−1) and boundary exchange zone. Case studies for future programs are highlighted, and potential impacts of global change on the marine Si cycle discussed.

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“…The SGD is the mixture of terrestrial fresh groundwater and recirculated seawater and is not only freshwater discharge. In many cases, the percentage of recirculated seawater is greater than 85% (e.g., Liu et al, ; Santos et al, ; Taniguchi et al, ; X. Wang et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine Groundwater‐Borne Nutrients in a Tropical Bay (Maowei Sea, China) and Their Impacts on the Oyster Aquaculture

Chen

Lao

Wang

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has been recognized as an important pathway for nutrients into estuaries, coasts, and the adjacent seas. In this study, 222Rn was used to estimate the SGD‐associated nutrient fluxes into an aquaculture area in a typical tropical bay (Maowei Sea, China). The SGD into the Maowei Sea during June 2016 was estimated to be 0.36 ± 0.33 m d−1 and was associated with SGD‐derived dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved silicon (DSi) fluxes (mol d−1) of (4.5 ± 5.5) × 106, (5.3 ± 9.1) × 104, and (9.4 ± 9.3) × 106, respectively. The SGD‐derived nutrients (i.e., DIN, DIP, and DSi) were more than 1.9, 0.9, and 3.6 times the amounts in the local river input and served as dominant sources in the nutrient budgets in the Maowei Sea. Moreover, the N/P ratios in the SGD around the Maowei Sea were high (mean: 64), and these ratios likely exceeded the environmental self‐purification capacity, thereby enhancing the biomass and changing the phytoplankton community structure. Therefore, SGD processes with derived nutrients may affect the biogeochemical cycles and marine ecological environment in the Maowei Sea. Furthermore, the N/P ratios (∼67) in oysters are very close to those in the SGD in the Maowei Sea; this coincidence suggests that the high N/P ratios in the SGD are likely to be one of the most important sources that support oyster aquaculture, which might weaken the burden of water eutrophication in the Maowei Sea.

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Ra Tracer‐Based Study of Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Associated Nutrient Fluxes into the Bohai Sea, China: A Highly Human‐Affected Marginal Sea

Cited by 67 publications

References 76 publications

Nitric oxide (NO) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

Nitric oxide (NO) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

Reviews and syntheses: The biogeochemical cycle of silicon in the modern ocean

Submarine Groundwater‐Borne Nutrients in a Tropical Bay (Maowei Sea, China) and Their Impacts on the Oyster Aquaculture

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