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Colmenares, Ana Julia; Aleu, Josefina; Durán-Patrón, Rosa; Collado, Isidro G.; Hernández-Galán, Rosario

doi:10.1023/a:1015209817830

Cited by 139 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Two groups of phytotoxic metabolites produced by B. cinerea have been characterized i.e. the sesquiterpene botrydial and related compounds [109] and botcinic acid and its derivatives [110]. To identify the pathways involved in the production of other secondary metabolites in S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea , we searched the genomes for genes encoding key enzymes such as NRPS (non-ribosomal peptide synthetase), PKS (polyketide synthase), TS (terpene synthase) and DMATS (dimethylallyl tryptophane synthase), which are essential for the biosynthesis of peptides, polyketides, terpenes and alkaloids, respectively [111].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

et al. 2011

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are closely related necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi notable for their wide host ranges and environmental persistence. These attributes have made these species models for understanding the complexity of necrotrophic, broad host-range pathogenicity. Despite their similarities, the two species differ in mating behaviour and the ability to produce asexual spores. We have sequenced the genomes of one strain of S. sclerotiorum and two strains of B. cinerea. The comparative analysis of these genomes relative to one another and to other sequenced fungal genomes is provided here. Their 38–39 Mb genomes include 11,860–14,270 predicted genes, which share 83% amino acid identity on average between the two species. We have mapped the S. sclerotiorum assembly to 16 chromosomes and found large-scale co-linearity with the B. cinerea genomes. Seven percent of the S. sclerotiorum genome comprises transposable elements compared to <1% of B. cinerea. The arsenal of genes associated with necrotrophic processes is similar between the species, including genes involved in plant cell wall degradation and oxalic acid production. Analysis of secondary metabolism gene clusters revealed an expansion in number and diversity of B. cinerea–specific secondary metabolites relative to S. sclerotiorum. The potential diversity in secondary metabolism might be involved in adaptation to specific ecological niches. Comparative genome analysis revealed the basis of differing sexual mating compatibility systems between S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. The organization of the mating-type loci differs, and their structures provide evidence for the evolution of heterothallism from homothallism. These data shed light on the evolutionary and mechanistic bases of the genetically complex traits of necrotrophic pathogenicity and sexual mating. This resource should facilitate the functional studies designed to better understand what makes these fungi such successful and persistent pathogens of agronomic crops.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

et al. 2011

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“…These fungal toxins interfere with host cell functions to suppress plant defense and/or enhance development of disease symptoms [71]. Of the various types of phytotoxic metabolites produced by B. cinerea , botrydial has been most intensively studied [72]. BcBOT1 is part of the botrydial biosynthesis pathway and encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase [73].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum transcriptome during infection of Brassica napus

et al. 2017

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Background Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes stem rot in Brassica napus, which leads to lodging and severe yield losses. Although recent studies have explored significant progress in the characterization of individual S. sclerotiorum pathogenicity factors, a gap exists in profiling gene expression throughout the course of S. sclerotiorum infection on a host plant. In this study, RNA-Seq analysis was performed with focus on the events occurring through the early (1 h) to the middle (48 h) stages of infection.ResultsTranscript analysis revealed the temporal pattern and amplitude of the deployment of genes associated with aspects of pathogenicity or virulence during the course of S. sclerotiorum infection on Brassica napus. These genes were categorized into eight functional groups: hydrolytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, detoxification, signaling, development, secreted effectors, oxalic acid and reactive oxygen species production. The induction patterns of nearly all of these genes agreed with their predicted functions. Principal component analysis delineated gene expression patterns that signified transitions between pathogenic phases, namely host penetration, ramification and necrotic stages, and provided evidence for the occurrence of a brief biotrophic phase soon after host penetration.ConclusionsThe current observations support the notion that S. sclerotiorum deploys an array of factors and complex strategies to facilitate host colonization and mitigate host defenses. This investigation provides a broad overview of the sequential expression of virulence/pathogenicity-associated genes during infection of B. napus by S. sclerotiorum and provides information for further characterization of genes involved in the S. sclerotiorum-host plant interactions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3642-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The broad host-range necrotroph, Botrytis cinerea , is a ubiquitous and cosmopolitan pathogen that causes gray mold disease on more than 200 host plants [13] with worldwide losses in affected crops estimated at 20% [14]. B. cinerea induces necrosis by producing toxins and reactive oxygen species [15, 16], and also manipulates hosts into producing oxidative bursts that facilitate colonization [17, 18]. Two classes of toxins have been identified in B. cinerea that exhibit non-specific phytotoxicity: the sesquiterpene toxin, botrydial, and related metabolites, and the polyketide toxin, botcinic acid, and its derivatives [15, 19–21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. cinerea induces necrosis by producing toxins and reactive oxygen species [15, 16], and also manipulates hosts into producing oxidative bursts that facilitate colonization [17, 18]. Two classes of toxins have been identified in B. cinerea that exhibit non-specific phytotoxicity: the sesquiterpene toxin, botrydial, and related metabolites, and the polyketide toxin, botcinic acid, and its derivatives [15, 19–21]. In contrast to B. cinerea , Alternaria solani primarily infects members of the Solanaceae such as tomato, potato, peppers, and eggplant [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Solanum lycopersicoides involves widespread transcriptional reprogramming

et al. 2014

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BackgroundTomato (Solanum lycopersicum), one of the world’s most important vegetable crops, is highly susceptible to necrotrophic fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani. Improving resistance through conventional breeding has been hampered by a shortage of resistant germplasm and difficulties in introgressing resistance into elite germplasm without linkage drag. The goal of this study was to explore natural variation among wild Solanum species to identify new sources of resistance to necrotrophic fungi and dissect mechanisms underlying resistance against B. cinerea.ResultsAmong eight wild species evaluated for resistance against B. cinerea and A. solani, S. lycopersicoides expressed the highest levels of resistance against both pathogens. Resistance against B. cinerea manifested as containment of pathogen growth. Through next-generation RNA sequencing and de novo assembly of the S. lycopersicoides transcriptome, changes in gene expression were analyzed during pathogen infection. In response to B. cinerea, differentially expressed transcripts grouped into four categories: genes whose expression rapidly increased then rapidly decreased, genes whose expression rapidly increased and plateaued, genes whose expression continually increased, and genes with decreased expression. Homology-based searches also identified a limited number of highly expressed B. cinerea genes. Almost immediately after infection by B. cinerea, S. lycopersicoides suppressed photosynthesis and metabolic processes involved in growth, energy generation, and response to stimuli, and simultaneously induced various defense-related genes, including pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1), a beta-1,3-glucanase (glucanase), and a subtilisin-like protease, indicating a shift in priority towards defense. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed novel, uncharacterized genes that may play roles in defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens in S. lycopersicoides. The expression of orthologous defense-related genes in S. lycopersicum after infection with B. cinerea revealed differences in the onset and intensity of induction, thus illuminating a potential mechanism explaining the increased susceptibility. Additionally, metabolic pathway analyses identified putative defense-related categories of secondary metabolites.ConclusionsIn sum, this study provided insight into resistance against necrotrophic fungal pathogens in the Solanaceae, as well as novel sequence resources for S. lycopersicoides.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-334) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Cited by 139 publications

References 1 publication

Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

Changes in the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum transcriptome during infection of Brassica napus

Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Solanum lycopersicoides involves widespread transcriptional reprogramming

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