“…For example, persistent organic pollutants from industrial sources bioaccumulate in larval aquatic insects and are concentrated across metamorphosis into flying adult aquatic insects such as mayflies and midges (Chumchal & Drenner, 2015; Daley et al, 2011; Naslund et al, 2020; Walters et al, 2008). This increase in contaminant concentrations of flying insects increases the toxicity of an otherwise nutritious food source for terrestrial insectivores such as birds, bats, spiders, reptiles, and amphibians (Custer et al, 2003; Ortega‐Rodriguez et al, 2019; Reinhold et al, 1999). The complex effects of contaminants on aquatic‐terrestrial linkages are driven in part by the physiochemical properties of the contaminant present (Kraus, 2019), which has important implications for assessing and mitigating the impacts of contaminant spills or releases into the environment (Table 1).…”