R744 booster integrated system for full heating supply to supermarkets

D’Agaro, Paola; Cortella, Giovanni; Polzot, Alessio

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.09.028

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…CO 2 absorbs heat in the subcritical region and transfers in supercritical mode. CO 2 has a higher heat transfer coefficient near pseudo critical temperature where specific heat shows its maximum values …”

Section: History Of Refrigerantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO 2 has a higher heat transfer coefficient near pseudo critical temperature where specific heat shows its maximum values. 68 In the 1990s, the CO 2 emerged once again due to its highly suitable refrigerants properties. According to Gustav Lorentz (1994), CO 2 has suggested the best replacement for CFCs and HCFCs.…”

Section: Emergence Of Carbon Dioxide As Refrigerantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

2019

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Summary Refrigerants bearing high global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP) were outlawed or facing time‐beared permission under the Montreal (1987), Kyoto (1997) protocols, F‐Gas law (2015), Paris Accord (2016), and recent Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol (2019). In order to modify followed by the paradigm shift of existing heating and cooling systems, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air‐Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) envisaged natural and synthetic refrigerants (Synrefs) are under investigation globally. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a popular natural refrigerant (Natref) replacing Synrefs used in commercial heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems globally. A rampant rise is observed in markets of Asia (Japan and China), North America (the United States and Canada), the Australian continent, and Africa (South Africa) by reaching 20 000 CO2‐stores around the globe. The European markets are leading the utilization of CO2 in the heat pump, and refrigeration, CO2 based markets estimate 14% of the total food retail stores (400 m2). Japan is the second leading market of CO2 heat pump and refrigeration with more than 10 200 CO2 condensing units. CO2 transcritical systems have a share of more than 10% in only European market (large stores); however, their share is less than 10% of total stores in other major markets of the world. New pump and compressor‐driven transcritical CO2 systems integrate ejectors, condensers, and booster systems to reduce energy consumptions, enhance efficiency, efficacy, and coefficient of performance. This article reports a critical review of the CO2 based heating, cooling, and refrigeration system and presents updated literature along with barriers and challenges on commercial use of Natref‐based heating and cooling applications worldwide.

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Section: History Of Refrigerantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emergence Of Carbon Dioxide As Refrigerantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

2019

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“…To meet the multiple demands in terms of heating, cooling, and air-conditioning (AC) simultaneously in supermarkets, those systems that have promising energy performances and environmental benefits are becoming popular [3]. Depending on the needs and applications, the CO 2 refrigeration system can be designed to meet only space heating (SH), only domestic hot water (DHW), Energies 2022, 15, 3142 2 of 16 air conditioning, or all of them, along with the baseline demand for refrigeration for chilled and frozen products [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance Analysis of an Integrated CO2 Refrigeration System with Multi-Ejectors Installed in a Supermarket

et al. 2022

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The field data from an integrated CO2 refrigeration system installed in a supermarket located north of the capital of Lisbon was analyzed. The goal was to demonstrate the effect and performance of multi-ejectors on a refrigeration system operating in a warm climate. The measurement results for the system with and without activating ejectors were compared. It was observed that the system with a multi-ejector operation had considerable performance superiority. The ejectors improved the cooling capacity of the medium temperature stage of the system by 17.4%. The system with active ejectors had 7.5% less total power consumption compared to the ejector off mode of the same system.

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“…Moreover, utilisation of the "all-inone" R744 transcritical system allows the integration of different applications that appear in a supermarket, i.e., refrigeration, heat, ventilation and air-conditioning systems [7]. On the basis of dynamic simulations performed by D'Agaro et al [8], the energy savings of the R744 integrated system for a full heating supply in a warm climate zone were up to 16% when compared to HFC systems. Hazarika et al [9] performed system simulations and experimental investigation of the R744 air-conditioning unit including an impact analysis of refrigerant charge on the system performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental investigation of performance and instabilities of the R744 vapour compression rack equipped with a two-phase ejector based on short-term, long-term and unsteady operations

Haida

Palacz

Bodys

et al. 2021

Applied Thermal Engineering

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R744 booster integrated system for full heating supply to supermarkets

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

The Performance Analysis of an Integrated CO2 Refrigeration System with Multi-Ejectors Installed in a Supermarket

An experimental investigation of performance and instabilities of the R744 vapour compression rack equipped with a two-phase ejector based on short-term, long-term and unsteady operations

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R744 booster integrated system for full heating supply to supermarkets

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Review of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Review of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

The Performance Analysis of an Integrated CO2 Refrigeration System with Multi-Ejectors Installed in a Supermarket

An experimental investigation of performance and instabilities of the R744 vapour compression rack equipped with a two-phase ejector based on short-term, long-term and unsteady operations

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Product

Resources

About

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook