R2P Ten Years on: Unresolved Justice Conflicts and Contestation

Hofmann, Gregor

doi:10.1163/1875984x-00704004

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…While previous applications of the norm contestation framework in the field of security have substantively dealt with the organising principle of Responsibility to Protect (R2P), local ownership has not received the same interest (see for instance Glanville, 2015;Hofmann, 2015;Welsh, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

India’s ‘Silent Contestation’ of the EU’s Perspective on Local Ownership

Klossek

2019

Norm Research in International Relations

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Peacebuilding has become a central activity to the international community's pursuit of sustainable peace. The rising number of violent conflicts over the last decades and the increasing complexity of conflict scenarios have contributed to this development (Strand, Rustad, Urdal & Nygård, 2019). With conflict centres remaining in many parts of the world, such as Somalia, Afghanistan, Yemen or South Sudan, it is likely that the urge for the international community to engage in peacebuilding activities will not end any time soon. Given the weakening of a shared understanding over the right tools to address conflicts and a diversification of actors, we can thereby see an increasing contestation over the norms guiding peacebuilding endeavours. One of these contested norms is the norm of local ownership, i.e. the importance to include the 'local' into peacebuilding processes to achieve sustainable peace. The European Union has enthusiastically embraced this norm but has been challenged by other countries and the literature in regard to its inability to successfully implement it (Bojicic-Dzelilovic & Martin, 2018; Dursun-Ozkanca & Vandemoortele, 2012; Ejdus, 2017; Mac Ginty, 2018). The 'new' actors on the scene such as the BRICS and other countries from the global south have argued that the European Union and other traditional donors are not moving beyond their liberal peacebuilding approaches, which are often tied to a heavy external intervention in the sovereignty of the host state and hence in their eyes fail to ensure local participation (De Carvalho & De Coning, 2013). At the same time, these new donors have claimed for themselves that their southsouth partnerships are more successful in engaging the local population on a horizontal level (Brasilia Declaration, 2010; United Nations, 2018a). India has been The original version of this chapter was revised: It has been changed to open access under a CC BY 4.

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India’s ‘Silent Contestation’ of the EU’s Perspective on Local Ownership

Klossek

2019

Norm Research in International Relations

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“…Some scholars attribute the norm-weakening influence of the Libya contestation to great power identities and their irreconcilable foreign policies (Rotmann et al, 2014). Others claim that agreement on the right application and further development of the norm was not possible because contestation after Libya was based on the conflict between state vs human-centered fundamental norms (Hofmann, 2015). Yet once again it is not possible to show that in the early 2000's, the actors did not have similarly opposing identities, diverging interests, and conflicting normative positions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of Process Legality in Norm Contestation: Rise and Fall of Human Protection

Demİrhan

2023

Alternatives: Global, Local, Political

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Contestations on a norm sometimes weaken the consensus on the norm, while other times strengthen it. The literature demonstrates that legal norms are more resilient in the face of contestations. This study argues that regardless of the norm’s legal nature, the use of legal language and argumentation in the contestation processes increases the norm’s resilience by facilitating a renewed agreement on the norm’s validity. The evolution of the human protection norm, which regulates the international use of force for humanitarian purposes, is examined through comparative discourse analysis of two contestation periods in Kosovo (1998–1999) and Libya (2011–2013) interventions. While the legal nature of contestations after the Kosovo crisis revealed the inadequacies of the humanitarian intervention framework and led to the development of a stronger consensus under the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), non-legal contestations following the Libya crisis did not yield constructive outcomes and ended with practical disappearance of R2P as a basis of military intervention. The article concludes that the concept of process legality has explanatory power for enlightening the contradicting consequences of norm contestations, as well as a potential for guiding the methods of norm proponents.

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“…10 Compare Liese (2009);Müller (2004);Risse (2000). 11 Compare Engelkamp, Glaab and Renner (2013);Hofius (2015); Hofius, Wilkens, Hansen-Magnusson and Gholiagha (2014);Hofmann (2015); Holzscheiter (2013) ;Müller and Wunderlich (2013); Wolff and Zimmermann (2015); Zimmermann and Deitelhoff (2015). therefore to better account for the conditions of international interaction as socially constructed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Contested Norms in Inter-National Encounters: The ‘Turbot War’ as a Prelude to Fairer Fisheries Governance

Wiener¹

2016

PaG

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This article is about contested norms in inter-national encounters in global fisheries governance. It illustrates how norms work by reconstructing the trajectory of the 1995 'Turbot War' as a series of inter-national encounters among diverse sets of Canadian and European stakeholders. By unpacking the contestations and identifying the norms at stake, it is suggested that what began as action at cross-purposes (i.e. each party referring to a different fundamental norm), ultimately holds the potential for fairer fisheries governance. This finding is shown by linking source and settlement of the dispute and identifying the shared concern for the balance between the right to fish and the responsibility for sustainable fisheries. The article develops a framework to elaborate on procedural details including especially the right for stakeholder access to regular contestation. It is organised in four sections: section 1 summarises the argument, section 2 presents the framework of critical norms research, section 3 reconstructs contestations of fisheries norms over the duration of the dispute, and section 4 elaborates on the dispute as a prelude to fairer fisheries governance. The latter is based on a novel conceptual focus on stakeholder access to contestation at the meso-layer of fisheries governance where organising principles are negotiated close to policy and political processes, respectively. The conclusion suggests for future research to pay more attention to the link between the 'is' and the 'ought' of norms in critical norms research in International Relations theories (IR).

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R2P Ten Years on: Unresolved Justice Conflicts and Contestation

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

India’s ‘Silent Contestation’ of the EU’s Perspective on Local Ownership

India’s ‘Silent Contestation’ of the EU’s Perspective on Local Ownership

Role of Process Legality in Norm Contestation: Rise and Fall of Human Protection

Contested Norms in Inter-National Encounters: The ‘Turbot War’ as a Prelude to Fairer Fisheries Governance

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