R290 (propane) and R600a (isobutane) as natural refrigerants for residential heat pump water heaters

Nawaz, Kashif; Shen, Bo; Elatar, Ahmed; Baxter, Van D.; Abdelaziz, Omar

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.080

Cited by 98 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Several low GWP refrigerants (R1234yf, R152a, R290, and R600a) were considered as potential replacements for R134a. Similar or even superior performances of the low GWP refrigerants were reported by a number of works [2][3][4][5]. However, the high flammability of low GWP refrigerants leads to safety concerns in the application.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Modelling of Refrigerant Distribution in an Oil-Free Refrigeration System using R134a

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2019

Energies

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Increasing number of refrigeration units has led to an increase of CO2 emissions and the destruction of the ozone layer. Using low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, improving the efficiency of vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) units, and minimising refrigerant leakages can reduce the global warming effect. Investigating the refrigerant distribution under varied operating conditions can provide a deeper understanding of refrigerant charge optimization. This study proposed a model of refrigerant mass distribution in a prototype oil-free VCR system using a linear compressor with variable strokes and R134a. The absence of the oil lubricant allows the adoption of compact heat exchangers, such as micro-channels, so that the total refrigerant charge can be reduced significantly. The predicted total refrigerant charge has a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.7%. The simulation results indicate that refrigerant distributed in the condenser is most sensitive to operating conditions and total refrigerant charges. The refrigerant accumulated in the condenser is 6.8% higher at a total refrigerant charge of 0.33 kg than that of 0.22 kg. For a total refrigerant charge of 0.33 kg, 72.1% of the total refrigerant can accumulate in the condenser. At a fixed pressure ratio, the refrigerant as a two-phase form in the condenser decreases slightly with the increase of compressor strokes, resulting in a larger mass flow rate, thus cooling capacity. The present model can be adapted for optimization of a refrigeration unit and its components.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Modelling of Refrigerant Distribution in an Oil-Free Refrigeration System using R134a

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…The refrigerant selected for this case study is R600a due to its low ozone depletion and global warming potential. [ 59 ]…”

Section: Example 1:domestic Dehumidifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual design of chemical devices

Fung

Wibowo

et al. 2020

J Adv Manuf & Process

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Chemical devices are chemical products that transform a feed stream into an outlet stream with the desired attributes by performing reaction, fluid flow, heating, cooling, and/or separations. They resemble small chemical plants and can be described by device flowsheets, similar to the process flowsheets of chemical plants. This article proposes a generic design framework for chemical devices. It shares some steps with Douglas' hierarchical design procedure for chemical processes but has its own distinguishing features such as capturing of consumer preferences, formulation of an engineering statement, and the use of unconventional processing techniques in device manufacturing. Two examples, domestic dehumidifier and air purifier, are discussed to illustrate the design framework. A new dehumidifier design was found using this framework.

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“…Mientras que para el R410A son R32 / R125 (50/50% en peso). Una alternativa para mitigar el impacto ambiental producido por el uso de refrigerantes es el uso de HC y HFO, considerados refrigerantes naturales y de bajo GWP (Wu, Hu y Wang, 2018;Nawas, Shen, Elatar, Baxter y Abdelaziz, 2017). Son utilizados como fluidos de trabajo en sistemas de bombas de calor asistidas por energía solar, aunque son flamables.…”

Section: Refrigerantesunclassified

Revisión del estado del arte de sistemas DX-SAHP para la obtención de agua caliente sanitaria

et al. 2020

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El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar de forma detallada las distintas investigaciones realizadas con sistemas de bombas de calor de expansión directa asistidas por energía solar (DX-SAHP) utilizadas para el calentamiento de agua en los últimos años. El creciente consumo energético, el uso de refrigerantes que debilitan la capa de ozono, la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero a la atmósfera y los efectos en el calentamiento global, son los principales problemas que presentan los sistemas convencionales de calentamiento de agua. El uso de hidrocarburos como refrigerantes representa una reducción en la contaminación, además de ser una de las mejores opciones para reemplazar a los clorofluorocarbonos e hidroclorofluorocarbonos por sus valores de potencial de calentamiento global y potencial de destrucción de la capa de ozono cercanos a 0. Un sistema DX-SAHP aprovecha la energía solar térmica directamente, empleando un colector solar de placa plana sin cubierta. Esos sistemas proporcionan agua caliente sanitaria a más de 50 °C, calentando volúmenes de agua de hasta 200 litros, alcanzando valores de COP superiores a 4. La energía solar y el uso de refrigerantes alternativos de bajo impacto ambiental son propuestos para alcanzar este propósito.

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R290 (propane) and R600a (isobutane) as natural refrigerants for residential heat pump water heaters

Cited by 98 publications

References 33 publications

Modelling of Refrigerant Distribution in an Oil-Free Refrigeration System using R134a

Modelling of Refrigerant Distribution in an Oil-Free Refrigeration System using R134a

Conceptual design of chemical devices

Revisión del estado del arte de sistemas DX-SAHP para la obtención de agua caliente sanitaria

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