R1224yd(Z), R1233zd(E) and R1336mzz(Z) as replacements for R245fa: Experimental performance, interaction with lubricants and environmental impact

Optimal refrigerant mixture in single-stage high-temperature heat pumps based on a multiparameter evaluation

“…The main component of the selected mixtures is R-1233zd(E), which Dawo et al found [53] as the most suitable R-245fa replacement, taking into account the interaction with the lubricant. In this case, it is mixed with additional components such as R-161, R-601, or R.152a, which is traduced on a closer VHC to the desired for a drop-in replacement.…”

An Overview of Environment-Friendly Refrigerants for Domestic Air Conditioning Applications

“…Even though the installation cost was 20% greater, the authors discovered a way to raise the efficiency of the CO2 system to match that of the R404A system. According to Maina and Huan [90] and Nekså [102], this refrigerant has been used for different purposes, including hot water generation, commercial refrigeration, heat pump dryers, etc. 2.1.4.…”

“…New refrigerant R1338mzz(Z) has been found very promising for high-temperature heat pump cycles. It is non-flammable, and the GWP of this refrigerant is only 2 [102][103][104]. The boiling and critical temperatures of R1336mzz-Z are 33.5 and 171.3 • C, respectively.…”

A review of conventional and exergetic life cycle assessments of organic Rankine cycle plants exploiting various low-temperature energy resources

“… Dawo et al. (2021) employed a geothermal ORC plant to compare the potential of replacing the popular R245fa working fluid often used in the design by some low-GWP alternatives.…”

“… ( Gerber and Maréchal, 2012 ) Geothermal ORC plant 1 kWh of electricity Cradle to grave Literature data and Ecoinvent NS GaBi The study obtained that using R1233zd (E) as ORC working fluid instead of the popular R245fa can lead to a 67% reduction in CO2-eq emissions from the system. ( Dawo et al., 2021 ) Geothermal ORC plant 1 kJ of net energy Cradle to grave SimaPro embedded database ReCiPe 2016 SimaPro The environmental impact of an integrated energy system with ORC integrated was correlated to a single point, obtained as 0.0250Pt and 0.1223Pt based on energy and exergy, respectively, for 20 years of plant operation. ( Chaiyat, 2021a ) Geothermal ORC plant 1 kJ of net energy Cradle to grave SimaPro embedded database ReCiPe 2016 SimaPro A single environmental impact of 0.0250 was reported for a poly-generation system with a lifetime assumption of 20 years.…”