R. P. Blackmur

The behaviour of large‐scale model cloud schemes under idealized forcing scenarios

“…Hence fG.¡Q c /g=fC.1 ¡ C/g and, by the de nition of (23), k in (26) should also scale inversely with saturation speci c humidity. This is exactly the form of expression suggested in Wood and Field (2000) ( (16) in this paper) in their analysis of aircraft data. The constant of proportionality is related to a critical relative humidity.…”

“…There are a number of diagnostic cloud-fraction relationships which have been used in models or suggested for models, such as those from Sundqvist (1978), Xu and Randall (1996) and Wood and Field (2000). These schemes are only part cloud schemes since they only provide information on how to derive cloud fraction, not the condensate content, which must be calculated separately by other means.…”

“…The constant of proportionality is related to a critical relative humidity. Although the expression of Wood and Field (2000) was derived somewhat arbitrarily it does relate to the underlying nature of the PDF distribution. However, note that since a large range of possible speci cations of a PDF produce k values from (22) that are reasonably constant, especially for mid-range values of C, the tting of an exponential function like (26) to data does not act to constrain greatly the shape of the PDF.…”

The Behavior of the Paschen and Calcium Triplet Lines in Cepheid Variables I. δ Cephei

“…To supplement the work in the references above as well as much research published by others, such as the complicated velocity curves of RR Lyrae stars that are affected by the Blazhko Effect (Chadid et al 2014) and the pulsation modes of luminous red giants (Wood 2015), we have initiated a program to obtain cepheid velocity curves so as to include the Paschen lines of H, the near-infrared O I triplet, and the infrared Ca II triplet. The Paschen lines of H are formed largely in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), while the long-observed Balmer absorption lines may be enhanced by the overpopulation of the 2s level, whose transition to the 1s ground state is strongly forbidden (Struve et al 1939).…”

A probabilistic description of convective mass fluxes and its relationship to extreme‐value theory

“…In particular, the dependence cannot be simply modelled by a covariance function, because these variables are not normally distributed (e.g. Wood and Field (2000), Xu and Krueger (1991), among others). We use the fact that neither the entire distribution of Q c nor the entire dependence between W and Q c is necessary to compute m u .z/.…”