R&D investment and import competition in unionized industries

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of unionization on the flow of research and development (R&D) investment and import competition in US manufacturing industries. If the unions adopt a myopic strategy, they may attempt to maximize current rents, even if it reduces strategic R&D necessary to compete against imports. However, if unions are employment oriented and realize that R&D is essential to compete effectively against imports and reduce job losses for their members, they may favour a more co-operative strategy. This issue is empirically investigated at the industry level using data from 1975-1984. One of the main contributions of this study is the attempt to distinguish between strategic and non-strategic R&D. The results of this analysis indicate that depending on the extent of unionization, there is a significant amount of variation in the magnitude and direction of the impact of strategic R&D on import penetration. Supporting evidence also indicates that the union rent-seeking behaviour related to strategic R&D investments varies between import and export-competing industries.