Quseir al-Qadim 1980

Withcomb, Donald S.; Johnson, Janet H.

doi:10.2307/3631773

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…marks the transition between TORP.S (orange-red with grit inclusions) and TORP.C (creamy vessels) [26]; however, this is in contradiction with the Al Hamr al-Sharqiya 1 sequence which date the fiber-tempered creamy typology (Fabric B) to 1st-2nd centuries AD, as well as with records from Egypt, at Myos Hormos, or from Sumhuram, in Oman, where similar containers occur in contexts datable, at least, to the 1st cent. AD [34,51]. These evidences would suggest a scenario more complex than suggested in literature, so that the typology and the surface buff cannot be used as the solely chronological indicator.…”

Section: Gc/ms Analysis Of Black Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian Ocean trade connections: characterization and commercial routes of torpedo jars

et al. 2020

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During the Classical Period (300 BC-400 AD), the Indian Ocean emerged as one of the largest hubs of ancient international trade. For a long period, these contacts were described from a Rome-centric point of view, looking at the connections between Rome and India. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the Roman-Indo connection was only one of the vast medium and short distance trade routes involving numerous regions and populations, exchanging goods and culture. Current archaeological investigations have demonstrated that several minor trade dynamics formed the primary connective tissue of the Indian Ocean. This study attempts to trace these mid-range connections by focusing on the transport of torpedo jars, recently found in several settlements throughout the Indian Ocean. Two archaeological sites were considered: Al Hamr al-Sharqiya 1 (Inqitat, southern Oman), and the port of Alagankulam (southern India). An analytical protocol based on thin sections analysis, SEM-EDS, XRD and GC/MS was applied to a selection of fragments from the two archaeological sites. The analytical investigation carried out on these vessels identified three different ceramic compositions, which distributed differently in the two sites, characterized by a black coating due to a similar bitumen source. The location of the production sites and comparative studies between these vessels and reference materials available in the literature enabled us to cast new light on the routes followed by the torpedo jars, from Mesopotamia to India and Oman.

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Section: Gc/ms Analysis Of Black Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian Ocean trade connections: characterization and commercial routes of torpedo jars

et al. 2020

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“…10). This was an important port in both the Roman and Islamic periods as it was located at the shortest overland route between the Nile Valley and the Red Sea (Whitcomb & Johnson 1979Blue 2002). It also had connections with, or population from, regions further south such as the Sudan, Ethiopia, and perhaps the East African coast, as some of the ceramics suggest, including roulette and incised decorated wares (Whitcomb 1982: 151, 171).…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Shell Working at Harlaa, Ethiopia, and the Implications for Red Sea Trade

Insoll

2021

J. African Arch.

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Twelve species of marine shell were transported in significant quantities from the Red Sea to the trade centre of Harlaa in eastern Ethiopia between the eleventh and early fifteenth centuries AD. Initially, it was thought that species such as the cowries were imported from the Indian Ocean. Subsequent research has found that all were available from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, c. 120 km east of Harlaa. This suggests that a hitherto largely unrecognised source of marine shells was available, and the Red Sea might have supplied not only the Horn of Africa, but other markets, potentially including Egypt, and from there, elsewhere in North Africa and ultimately West Africa via trans-Saharan routes, as well as Nubia and further south on the Nile in the Sudan, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Arabian/Persian Gulf. This is explored with reference to the shell assemblage from Harlaa, and selected shell assemblages from elsewhere in the Horn of Africa, and trading centres on the Red Sea.

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“…To the north along the Egyptian Red Sea coast, Myos Hormos (Islamic-period Quseir al-Qadim) was the second major Egyptian port in the Indian Ocean/Red Sea trade. The University of Chicago excavated the site in 1978, 1980(Whitcomb and Johnson 1979, but the main results relevant to the pre-Islamic period come from the University of Southampton excavations from 1999 to 2003 (Blue 2007;Blue 2006, 2011). Myos Hormos is also likely to have been a Ptolemaic settlement, but apart from a few Hellenistic coins, no other traces from this period have been identified Blue 2006, 2011, p. 345).…”

Section: The Red Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeology of Trade in the Western Indian Ocean, 300 BC–AD 700

Seland

2014

J Archaeol Res

100

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In the millennium after 300 BC, the western Indian Ocean emerged as a main hub of Old World exchange. Study of this commerce long depended on separate regional archaeologies and a handful of literary sources with Western/Roman bias. A recent surge in scholarly interest has led to a vast increase in data that has fostered a more balanced understanding of the commercial, human, and material aspects of ancient Indian Ocean trade. This review summarizes recent research on the topic and assesses its significance to wider scholarly debates on scale, organization, connectivity, agency, and social cohesion in ancient trade and exchange.

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Quseir al-Qadim 1980

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Indian Ocean trade connections: characterization and commercial routes of torpedo jars

Indian Ocean trade connections: characterization and commercial routes of torpedo jars

Marine Shell Working at Harlaa, Ethiopia, and the Implications for Red Sea Trade

Archaeology of Trade in the Western Indian Ocean, 300 BC–AD 700

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