Quo Vadis? Fetal Tissue Transplantation

Michejda, Maria

doi:10.1089/scd.1.1996.5.185

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…research in a variety of contexts (1)(2)(3)(4), but using human cells in these novel ways is controversial. Some among the public, moral philosophers, ethics committees, and government officials endorse strict limits or outright bans, whereas others have argued that fetal tissue research and treatment is ethically acceptable (5,6).…”

Section: Introduction F Etal Tissue Has Proven Valuable In Treatment Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Public Support for Treatment and Research Using Fetal Tissue, Particularly Among Those Accepting the Scientific World-View

Evans

Zanjani²,

Kelley³

2002

Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research

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Data from four large representative national sample surveys in Australia between 1993 and 2000 show strong public support for treatment using fetal tissue. Support remains high even if the treatment has only a remote chance of success, or if the goal is research rather than treatment. Regression analysis reveals striking new evidence on the links between science and moral beliefs. Even adjusting for religious denomination and numerous demographic characteristics, acceptance of evolution and of aspects of astronomy suggesting that life on earth is not unique greatly increases support for using fetal tissue. So does trust in scientists.

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Section: Introduction F Etal Tissue Has Proven Valuable In Treatment Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Public Support for Treatment and Research Using Fetal Tissue, Particularly Among Those Accepting the Scientific World-View

Evans

Zanjani²,

Kelley³

2002

Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research

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“…Generally speaking, fetal tissues are not recognized as foreign to the same degree as post-natal tissue(s). This reduced immunogenicity is coupled with a markedly decreased immune response of the fetus to recognize foreign, implanted tissue, a property which is related to the immature fetal immune system [41][42][43][44][45]. These properties of the fetus make it the ideal transplant donor and the ideal transplant recipient.…”

Section: Biological Properties Of Fetal Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This depressed immunocompetence or immunological immaturity results from ontogenic phenomena such as a reduced number or lack of post-thymic T-lymphocytes in utero, which, when mature, contribute to GVHD. There is strong evidence that the human fetus is immunoincompetent up to 22 weeks of gestation, as judged by the generation of cytotoxic T-cell responses [41][42][43][44][45]. It has been suggested recently that while T-cells may be found in circulation during pregnancy, they appear to be inactive.…”

Section: Biological Properties Of Fetal Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Which Stem Cells Should be Used for Transplantation?

Michejda¹

2003

Fetal Diagn Ther

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In view of the ever-increasing demand for human stem cells for transplantation, we initiated in vitro and in vivo studies of human fetal bone marrow stem/progenitor cells derived from lost pregnancies at 16–20 weeks. Utilizing non-human primates as models, we demonstrated that fetal tissue has distinctive biological and therapeutic properties that are optimal for transplantation. Subsequently, we tested and compared the phenotypic and functional characteristics of fetal bone marrow (FBM), adult bone marrow (ABM), and cord blood (CB) and peripheral blood (PB) sources of the most primitive stem/progenitor cells. A striking ontogenic difference in the proportion of CD34+ cells in FBM, ABM, PB and CB was observed (24.6 vs. 2.1 vs. 0.5 vs. 2%). The clonogenic potential, as measured by the CFU-c assay, was also higher in FBM when compared with ABM, PB and CB (202.5 vs. 73.5 vs. 40.8 vs. 65.5 colonies/10⁵cells). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in proliferative responsiveness in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay of FBM and CB as compared to ABM and PB. The cytokinetic profiles of the cells from the four sources were also analyzed. This study revealed that both FBM and ABM had a higher proportion of S-phase (21.7 and 11.5%, respectively), compared to PB and CB cells (1.2 and 2.8%, respectively). FBM and ABM also showed a higher proportion of cells in the G₂-M phase (6.4 and 2.6%, respectively) compared with PB and CB (1.7 and 1.2%, respectively). These data show that FBM has the highest number of proliferating cells. We have also investigated the ontogenic differences in stromal cells derived from FBM, ABM and CB, with a special focus on the expression of selected cytokines, such as CSF, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-3, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-11. FBM showed the highest levels of expression of CSF, IL-6 and IL-11 when compared to the other sources. These cytokines may have an important role in engraftment and homing of stem cells. The levels of expression of the other cytokines were similar in all sources of stromal cells, with the exception of G-CSF, which was not detected in CB. Moreover, the number of colonies FBM and ABM cells was higher when inoculated with fetal stromal cells. These results suggested an important regulatory role of cytokines in ontogeny of hematopoiesis. In summary, the foregoing observations indicate that each source of hematopoietic and stromal cells has different intrinsic properties, closely correlated with ontogenetic age, which is a vital determinant for phenotypic characteristics, lineage commitments, immunogenicity as well as proliferative potentials. Our data clearly indicate that FBM is the best source of stem cells for engraftment and therapeutic reconstitution due to its very high proliferative capacity, low immunogenicity and highest number of primitive stem/progenitor cells. It should also be stressed that FBM stem cells retrieved at their optimal stage of hematopoiesis (16–20 weeks) may be the cells of choice for both therapeutic cellular reconstitution...

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“…This expression coincided with lower self-renewal capacity and late graft failure, possibly the result of replicative exhaustion of the adult marrow cells [12]. The ever increas ing demand for stem cells for transplantation encouraged us to study FBM from these alter native sources harvested in the second trimes ter of lost pregnancies between 18 and 20 weeks of gestation [13][14][15].…”

Section: Lr Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no maternaldonor cells were found in the tissue biopsy specimens [25], Previously, we have carried out in vivo studies of human spontaneously aborted fetal tissue engraftment across the phylogenetic barriers [3]. Thus, we have de veloped a unique animal model for intrauter ine transplantation of FBM [ 15,26], This ani mal model provided important data on the phenotypic characteristics of the donor cells and hemopoietic chimcrism. In the present study, we have compared and enumerated the CD34+ cells from FBM and ABM.…”

Section: Lr Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Hemopoietic Precursors from Fetal and Adult Bone Marrow: Utilization of Stem Cells Derived from Miscarriages

et al. 1996

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Hemopoietic and immune capacities of fetal bone marrow (FBM) obtained from 2nd-trimester lost pregnancies and adult bone marrow (ABM) were compared. Progenitor cell assays for both sources were also enumerated. Our data showed ontogeny-related functional differences between hemopoietic cells, particularly in the ability to produce CD34+ cells (24.6% in FBM, 3.1% in ABM). The phenotypic composition of FBM and ABM were quite different. The clonogenic/proliferative potentials, as measured by CFU-C assays, were significantly higher in FBM when compared to ABM (202.5 vs. 73.5/105 cells). Moreover, FBM had a lower percentage of CD3+ T lymphocytes as compared to ABM (1.47 vs. 7.58), and there was a significantly decreased proliferative responsiveness in mixed lymphocyte reactions of FBM as compared to ABM. Thus, our data clearly showed distinct advantages of FBM over ABM, which include a higher number of stem cells, lower immunological reactivity, and higher clonogenic/proliferative potential. These characteristics provide optimal conditions for successful engraftment without graft-versus-host disease. These data support the possible advantages of FBM from these sources for hemopoietic stem cell reconstitution and gene therapy.

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Quo Vadis? Fetal Tissue Transplantation

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Strong Public Support for Treatment and Research Using Fetal Tissue, Particularly Among Those Accepting the Scientific World-View

Strong Public Support for Treatment and Research Using Fetal Tissue, Particularly Among Those Accepting the Scientific World-View

Which Stem Cells Should be Used for Transplantation?

Comparative Study of Hemopoietic Precursors from Fetal and Adult Bone Marrow: Utilization of Stem Cells Derived from Miscarriages

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