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Enticed by the present scenario of infectious diseases, four new Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) complexes of Schiff base ligand were synthesized from 6,6′-((1E-1′E)(phenazine-2,3-dielbis(azanylidene)-bis-(methanylidene)-bis-(3-(diethylamino)phenol)) (H 2 L) to ascertain as effective drug for antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. The organic ligand and its metal(II) complexes were characterized by numerous physical and spectroscopic methods, which showed that the complexes have a general formula, [ML], (where M = Co(II) (C1), Ni(II) (C2), Cu(II) (C3) and Cd(II) (C4)), for metal complexes have been proposed and have a square planar geometry, are amorphous in nature, and are thermally stable. Data highlight obtained from activity testing against tuberculosis, inflammation, and oxidants that all compounds are significantly active against these symptoms. Also, was to evaluate the effectiveness of various compounds against bacterial and fungal strains. Specifically, four bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans) were tested and compared to the results of some standard drugs. The results revealed that compound C4 was more effective against bacterial strains than the comparison standard drugs. In addition, C3 was found to be the most effective of the comparison antibiotics against fungi, while the other compounds showed moderate antifungal activity. Moreover, to support the vitro results, certain computational studies as molecular docking studies, DFT, MESP, and AMEDT were also conducted to confirm the effectiveness of an organic ligand and its complexes against tuberculosis. These studies revealed that C4 is the most effective against tuberculosis and has desirable effects such as absorption, no degradation and no hepatotoxicity, etc.
Enticed by the present scenario of infectious diseases, four new Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) complexes of Schiff base ligand were synthesized from 6,6′-((1E-1′E)(phenazine-2,3-dielbis(azanylidene)-bis-(methanylidene)-bis-(3-(diethylamino)phenol)) (H 2 L) to ascertain as effective drug for antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. The organic ligand and its metal(II) complexes were characterized by numerous physical and spectroscopic methods, which showed that the complexes have a general formula, [ML], (where M = Co(II) (C1), Ni(II) (C2), Cu(II) (C3) and Cd(II) (C4)), for metal complexes have been proposed and have a square planar geometry, are amorphous in nature, and are thermally stable. Data highlight obtained from activity testing against tuberculosis, inflammation, and oxidants that all compounds are significantly active against these symptoms. Also, was to evaluate the effectiveness of various compounds against bacterial and fungal strains. Specifically, four bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans) were tested and compared to the results of some standard drugs. The results revealed that compound C4 was more effective against bacterial strains than the comparison standard drugs. In addition, C3 was found to be the most effective of the comparison antibiotics against fungi, while the other compounds showed moderate antifungal activity. Moreover, to support the vitro results, certain computational studies as molecular docking studies, DFT, MESP, and AMEDT were also conducted to confirm the effectiveness of an organic ligand and its complexes against tuberculosis. These studies revealed that C4 is the most effective against tuberculosis and has desirable effects such as absorption, no degradation and no hepatotoxicity, etc.
INTRODUCTION. Newly identified risks associated with the use of fluoroquinolones and the spread of antimicrobial resistance make the identification and analysis of medication errors (MEs) in prescribing fluoroquinolones especially important for providing rational antibiotic therapy. Fluoroquinolones that are most commonly used in real-world clinical settings include levofloxacin.AIM. This study aimed to examine the pattern of MEs associated with fluoroquinolones, exemplified by levofloxacin, through an analysis of spontaneous reports (SRs) submitted to the Russian pharmacovigilance database.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The authors retrospectively analysed the SRs of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) submitted to the Russian pharmacovigilance database between 1 April 2019 and 28 February 2023. According to the selected inclusion criteria, the study focused on the SRs that specified levofloxacin as a suspect medicinal product and described ADRs that took place in the Russian Federation. ME identification used summaries of product characteristics for levofloxacin approved in Russia, official clinical guidelines, and the antimicrobial stewardship guidelines Strategy for the Control of Antimicrobial Therapy (SCAT).RESULTS. The analysis included 950 SRs. MEs were identified in 307 (32.3%) of these SRs, and the total number of MEs was 332. MEs associated with the selection of the medicinal product included prescribing levofloxacin to patients without an indication for antibacterial therapy (38.9%, n=129, with 76.0% of cases being viral infections), incorrect selection of levofloxacin as a first-line antibacterial agent (18.1%, n=60), and irrational and excessive prescribing of levofloxacin in combination with other antibacterial agents (15.4%, n=51). Less frequently identified MEs were related to inappropriate dosing (13.0%, n=43), levofloxacin use in patients with contraindications (8.7%, n=29), and incorrect selection of the route of administration (3.9%, n=13) and the dosage form (2.1%, n=7).CONCLUSIONS. According to the results of this study, the practice of prescribing antibacterial agents for viral infections persists despite strong evidence of ineffectiveness in such cases. Antibacterial agents can be used effectively and safely only if prescribed for approved indications, administered at recommended doses, and delivered via specified routes of administration. The overuse of antibiotics may have negative sequelae not only for the health of an individual patient but for the health of the general population because of the increased risk of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, there is a need to develop measures to limit the excessive use of antibiotics.
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