Quinolone Resistance and Correlation to Other Antimicrobial Resistances in Faecal Isolates of &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; in Hong Kong

Chu, Yiu-Wai; Cheung, Terence K.M.; Wong, Chi Ho; Tsang, Grand K. L.; Lee, Kenwai; Lau, Stephen S. Y.; Kam, Kai Man

doi:10.1159/000149718

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It was also noted that the isolates with intermediate resistance were found mostly in K. pneumoniae, which was explained by the high prevalence of bla DHA-1 containing qnrB4 in K. pneumoniae in this collection. Another report from Korea and Hong Kong also showed that the presence of PMQR genes was significantly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in K. pneumoniae , but not in E. coli isolates [18,25] . Although it is still possible that other PMQR genes not yet identified are prevalent in E. coli , the above findings suggest that K. pneumoniae is more likely to develop fluoroquinolone resistance by obtaining PMQR genes than E. coli .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Characteristics of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Korea

2010

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Background: Quinolone resistance is frequently associated with extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Methods: The characteristics of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes [qnr genes, aac(6′)-Ib-cr and qepA] in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporin were studied. Results: 5 and 4 of 95 E. coli isolates but 46 (86/187) and 6% (12/187) of K. pneumoniae had qnr and aac(6′)-Ib-cr, respectively, and 8 K. pneumoniae contained both genes.qepA was not identified. qnrB, especially qnrB4, was the predominant qnr subtype in K. pneumoniae [94 (88 qnrB of 94 qnr) and 88% (77 qnrB4 of 88 qnrB), respectively], and presence of qnrB4 was closely related with DHA-1 β-lactamase (99%). However, K. pneumoniae isolates with qnrB4 and bla_DHA-1 were clonally diverse. β-Lactamases produced by PMQR-containing isolates were variable: CMY-1, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, DHA-1, OXA type, SHV-2a, and SHV-12. Conclusion: PMQR genes are widely distributed among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, and qnrB4 associated with bla_DHA-1 was the most common PMQR gene in Korea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Characteristics of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Korea

2010

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“…The widespread and predominance of CTX-M ␤ -lactamases have been confirmed in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region and South America [24,27,28] . CTX-M-type ESBLs were found to be responsible for most of the resistance to cephalosporin in Gram-negative isolates [29] . More investigations are needed to determine the specific types of CTX-M genes that are responsible for extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in our isolates.…”

Section: Citrobacter Freundiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Intensive Care Units of Sanandaj General Hospitals (Kurdistan, Iran)

2009

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This study focused on analyzing the spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes among Gram-negative bacteria at intensive care units (ICUs). Between January 2007 and January 2008, 301 consecutive clinical isolates of Gram-negative type were isolated. Of these, 66 strains were collected from patients in ICUs in two major hospitals in Sanandaj (Kurdistan, Iran). The isolates were identified, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and analyzed for the presence of ESBL using the double-disk synergy test. Isolates with a positive ESBL phenotype were subjected to PCR for SHV, TEM, OXA and CTX-M β-lactamase gene families. Sixty-six Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from clinical samples of 66 ICU patients. These isolates included 16 Escherichia coli, 28 Enterobacter spp., 5 Pseudomonas spp., 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 Serratia marcescens and 1 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Twenty-three (34.85%) of these isolates were ESBL producing. The ESBL genes detected were SHV, TEM, OXA-1, OXA-2 and CTX-M. The results show the presence of ESBL genes among Gram-negative bacteria in the ICU setting of Sanandaj’s hospitals. There is a need to institute a strict hospital infection control policy and regular surveillance of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents.

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“…Resistance to CIP in clinical isolates of E. coli obtained from blood cultures has reached 19% in Spain. In a recent study, 43% of E. coli isolates from the normal intestinal microflora of humans were found to be resistant to quinolones (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid and Simple Determination of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Clinical Strains of Escherichia coli

et al. 2009

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We recently reported a simple new in situ diffusion assay, developed as a kit, to visualize DNA fragmentation in single bacterial cells. Use of this assay in a collection of 95 genetically unrelated Escherichia coli clinical strains resulted in correct identification of all of the isolates as resistant or susceptible to ciprofloxacin, consistent with the MIC results. This relevant information is obtained in 80 min.Fluoroquinolones are among the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial agents worldwide, with ciprofloxacin (CIP) being one of the most widely used. The activity of these agents is mediated by the production of DNA fragmentation through trapping of DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV on bacterial DNA (6). Fluoroquinolone MICs are mainly increased by mutations in the genes encoding the protein targets DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB) and topoisomerase IV (parC and parE) but also by increasing the levels of specific efflux pumps, such as AcrAB-TolC, or by the presence of plasmid-mediated mechanisms, such as QnrA, QnrB, QnR, or the recently described aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6Ј)- .Escherichia coli causes almost 50% of community-acquired urinary infections. Treatment with fluoroquinolones is recommended in such cases, especially in areas with predominant resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, over 22% of clinical isolates of E. coli may be resistant to CIP, and this tendency appears to be increasing (5,14). Resistance to CIP in clinical isolates of E. coli obtained from blood cultures has reached 19% in Spain. In a recent study, 43% of E. coli isolates from the normal intestinal microflora of humans were found to be resistant to quinolones (2).Given the alarming progressive increase in antibiotic resistance worldwide, it is of great importance to identify the resistant bacteria as soon as possible to avoid treatment failure and the spread of resistant microorganisms through misuse of antibiotics. Our research group recently developed a diffusionbased assay, developed as a kit, which enables straightforward and rapid (45 min) discrimination of bacteria with fragmented DNA. The kit can be used to evaluate DNA damage induced by antimicrobial agents. Since the activity of quinolones such as CIP depends on the production of fragmentation of bacterial DNA, we investigated the potential usefulness of the kit as a simple, fast procedure for detecting resistance to CIP in clinical situations by processing a collection of clinical strains of E. coli isolated from patients attending the Juan Canalejo Hospital.Bacterial strains, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and growth conditions. The procedure for determining chromosomal DNA fragmentation in situ was first assayed for control E. coli strains harboring known mechanisms of quinolone resistance as well as for 95 E. coli clinical strains isolated from outpatients (only 1 strain per patient was selected for further studies) attending the hospital in 2006 and 2007 and displaying different degrees of susceptibility to CIP. The E. coli isolates were r...

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Quinolone Resistance and Correlation to Other Antimicrobial Resistances in Faecal Isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Hong Kong

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Characteristics of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolates of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Korea

Characteristics of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolates of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Korea

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Intensive Care Units of Sanandaj General Hospitals (Kurdistan, Iran)

Rapid and Simple Determination of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Clinical Strains of Escherichia coli

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