Quillaja saponaria extract as mucosal adjuvant with chitosan functionalized gold nanoparticles for mucosal vaccine delivery: Stability and immunoefficiency studies

Barhate, Ganesh; Gautam, Manish; Gairola, Sunil; Jadhav, Suresh; Pokharkar, Varsha

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.033

Cited by 48 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Particulate adjuvants such as microspheres, nano-or microparticles, and various polymers used to encapsulate antigens, have been used as carriers or adjuvants for mucosal vaccines, but will not be further discussed in this chapter. The reader is referred to articles on the mucosal application of particulate adjuvants (Jaganathan and Vyas, 2006;Barhate et al, 2013;Slutter et al, 2009); see also Chapter 64.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Adjuvants

Freytag

Clements

2015

Mucosal Immunology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Adjuvants

Freytag

Clements

2015

Mucosal Immunology

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“…The tree has been used extensively for extraction of saponins, which are high molecular weight glycosides containing a hydrophobic triterpenic nucleus and two hydrophilic sugar chains (Nord and Kenne 1999;San Martín 2000). Q. saponaria saponins have been traditionally used in various industries, such as biopesticides and plant growth stimulant in agriculture (Chapagain et al 2007;Fischer et al 2011;Zúñiga et al 2012), emulsifier and foaming agent for animal and human food and beverage (Yang et al 2013), wetting agent in film production and mining (San Martín et al 2005a, b), and as vaccine adjuvants for human and non-human animals vaccines (Barhate et al 2013;Harrer et al 2014;Kensil et al 1991;Kensil and Kammer 1998;Sun et al 2009). …”

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confidence: 99%

The Use of Leaves from Young Trees of Quillaja saponaria (Molina) Plantations as a New Source of Saponins

et al. 2015

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The Use of Leaves from Young Trees of Quillaja saponaria (Molina) Plantations as a New Source of Saponins. Quillaja saponaria is an endemic tree in Chile. It has been extensively exploited for the extraction of saponins, which are used in mining, agriculture, and in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The overexploitation of native adult Quillaja forests has necessitated the establishment of plantations. Until now, biomass had been obtained from wood and bark of native adult trees, excluding the use of leaves due to their low biomass contribution to the whole tree, and also because industrial production lines have been designed for wood and bark and not for leaves that contain different compounds (e.g., chlorophyll). In this study, we propose using complete trees from young plantations, including the leaves. Quantification of saponins in the leaves of 24 three-year-old Quillaja trees from a plantation was carried out during the four seasons of one year. Our results showed that leaves represent 27.8% of the weight of the whole young trees and that leaves contain on average 2.58% of saponins. Considering that this amount is similar to that found in wood, we argue that leaves could contribute up to one-third of the saponins of young trees, making its processing key to attain good yields. Significant differences were observed in saponin contents during the four seasons. On average, the lowest concentration was found during winter (July = 1.39% dry weight) and the highest in autumn (April = 4.49%), suggesting that abiotic factors may have an affect on saponin production. A comparison among the 24 trees showed significant differences in saponin concentration (0.90% to 4.71%), supporting the need to select consistently superior saponin-producing trees. These results contribute to the understanding of a more sustainable production of Quillaja extracts, showing a potential to use whole young trees from plantations rather than only the wood and bark from native Quillaja forests.Hojas de árboles jóvenes de Quillaja saponaria (Molina) de plantaciones, como nueva fuente de saponinas. El árbol Quillaja saponaria, endémico de Chile, ha sido ampliamente explotado para la extracción de saponinas, las cuales son utilizadas en la minería, la agricultura y diversas industrias como la farmacéutica y la de alimentación. La sobreexplotación de los bosques nativos ha planteado la necesidad de establecer plantaciones. Hasta la fecha, la biomasa se ha obtenido de la madera y corteza de árboles adultos nativos, excluyendo el uso de las hojas debido a su baja contribución (respecto del árbol total) y también porque las líneas de producción industrial han sido diseñadas específicamente para madera y corteza, no para las hojas que contienen diferentes compuestos, como la clorofila. En este estudio, se propone el uso de árboles completos de plantaciones jóvenes, incluyendo las hojas. Se realizaron cuantificaciones de saponinas en hojas de 24 árboles de una plantación de tres años de edad durante las cuatro estaciones de un año. Nuestros re...

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“…The surface morphology and particle size of inorganic NPs can be finely tuned to provide better colloidal stability, high antigen encapsulation efficiency and targeted delivery by attaching ligands [31,116]. The surfaces of inorganic NPs are rigid and stable allowing protection of adsorbed antigens against the harsh GI conditions and preventing premature release of antigens.…”

Section: Inorganic Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral delivery of nanoparticle-based vaccines

Marasini

Skwarczynski

Tóth

2014

Expert Review of Vaccines

131

100

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Most infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic infiltrations from the mucosal tract. Therefore, vaccines delivered to the mucosal tissues can mimic natural infections and provide protection at the first site of infection. Thus, mucosal, especially, oral delivery is becoming the most preferred mode of vaccination. However, oral vaccines have to overcome several barriers such as the extremely low pH of the stomach, the presence of proteolytic enzymes and bile salts as well as low permeability in the intestine. Several formulations based on nanoparticle strategies are currently being explored to prepare stable oral vaccine formulations. This review briefly discusses several molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal immune cell activation and various aspects of oral nanoparticle-based vaccine design that should be considered for improved mucosal and systemic immune responses.

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Quillaja saponaria extract as mucosal adjuvant with chitosan functionalized gold nanoparticles for mucosal vaccine delivery: Stability and immunoefficiency studies

Cited by 48 publications

References 34 publications

Mucosal Adjuvants

Mucosal Adjuvants

The Use of Leaves from Young Trees of Quillaja saponaria (Molina) Plantations as a New Source of Saponins

Oral delivery of nanoparticle-based vaccines

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